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In a naturalistic newspaper reading study, two pairs of information graphics have been designed to study the effects of a) the spatial contiguity principle and b) the dual scripting principle by means of eye tracking measurements. Our data clearly show that different spatial layouts have a significant effect on readers’ eye movement behaviour. An integrated format with spatial contiguity between t
The complexity of Ca2+ cell signaling is dependent on a plethoria of Ca2+-binding proteins that respond to signals in different ranges of Ca2+ concentrations. Since the function of these proteins is directly coupled to their Ca2+-binding properties, there is a need for accurately determined equilibrium Ca2+-binding constants. In this work we outline the experimental techniques available to determi
Pollen analyses and AMS C-14 measurements were performed on lacustrine sediments and peat sequences from two former crater lakes (Preluca Tiganului, Steregoiu) situated in the Gutaiului Mountains in northwestern Romania, in order to reconstruct the vegetation development during the Lateglacial and Early Holocene. Before c. 14,700 cal. years BP (GS-2) open vegetation with shrubs (Salix, Juniperus),
OBJECTIVE. The aim of the study was to describe the association between clinical risk factors in diabetic patients with food ulcers in relation to outcome. DESIGN. A prospective study of 314 consecutively presenting diabetic patients with foot ulcers referred to the Department of Internal Medicine between July 1, 1983 and June 30, 1987. All patients were followed to final outcome. SETTING. All pat
We studied the effects of predatory crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), the non-lethal effects of fish chemical cues (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and the combined effects of crayfish and fish chemical cues on the performance of tadpoles of two co-existing anuran species, Rana temporaria and Bufo bufo, in experimental pools. We also examined grazing effects on periphyton, the main food source for the ta
We studied the anti-inflammatory properties of probiotic strains and blueberry in a colitis model. The disease activity index (DAI) was significantly lower on days 9 and 10 in all groups compared to the colitis control. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and bacterial translocation to the liver and to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) decreased significantly in all groups compared to colitis control. Cecal Ente
This article proposes a bias-adjusted estimator for use in cointegrated panel regressions when the errors are cross-sectionally correlated through an unknown common factor structure. The asymptotic distribution of the new estimator is derived and is examined in small samples using Monte Carlo simulations. For the estimation of the number of factors, several information-based criteria are considere
The article describes qualitative variation in micro processes of learning, focusing the dynamic interplay between conceptions, expressions and meanings of expressions in students' learning in higher education. The intentional-expressive approach employed is an alternative approach to the function of language use in learning processes. In the empirical investigation, a dialogue model was used that
Paxillus involutus (basidiomycetes, Boletales) is a common ectomycorrhizal fungus in the Northern Hemisphere. The fungus displays significant variation in phenotypic characters related to morphology, physiology, and ecology. Previous studies have shown that P. involutus contains several intersterility groups and morphological species. In this study, we have used concordance of multiple gene geneal
We have studied the binding of Zn2+ to the hexa EF-hand protein, calbindin D(28k)-a strong Ca2+-binder involved in apoptosis regulation-which is highly expressed in brain tissue. By use of radioblots, isothermal titration calorimetry, and competition with a fluorescent Zn2+ chelator, we find that calbindin D(28k) binds Zn2+ to three rather strong sites with dissociation constants in the low microm
We measure the chirp rate of harmonics 13 to 23 in argon by cross correlation with a 12 femtosecond probe pulse. Under low ionization conditions, we directly measure the negative chirp due to the atomic dipole phase, and show that an additional chirp on the pump pulse is transferred to the qth harmonic as q times the fundamental chirp. Our results are in accord with simulations using the experimen
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a neoplasm composed of myofibroblastic spindle cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells. Cytogenetic analyses have revealed that a subgroup of IMT, in particular among children and young adults, harbors clonal chromosomal rearrangements involving chromosome band 2p23. Further, molecular genetic studies have shown that these rearrangements target the ALK
As pan of the study "The Burden of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Patient Access to Treatment", this paper reviews the impact on access to RA drugs of the approval processes, pricing and funding decisions and times to market (access) in different countries. In addition, an overview of health technology assessments (HTA) and the economic literature related to RA treatments is provided. The time from
Carbon dating of basal peat deposits in Cumberland Bay and Stromness Bay and sediments from a lake in Stromness Bay, South Georgia indicates deglaciation at the very beginning of the Holocene before c. 9500 C-14 yr BP. This post-dates the deglaciation of one local lake which has been ice-free since at least 15 700 C-14 yr BP on account of its atypical geomorphological location. The latter indicate
Imaginary companions and the characteristics of the children who invent them were explored through interviews. Twenty-six children took part. The first aim was to explore the phenomenon in general, the second to investigate the functions of imaginary companions. General findings concerned the kinds of imaginary companions and some facts about the children who created them. The imaginary companions
The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between coping and health problems in the context of gender and level in the organization. Questionnaire data were collected from 279 women and men (100 managers and 179 non-managers) at a sales department in a Swedish telecom company in which men and women worked at similar tasks. It was hypothesized that, if gender and level in the organiz
