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The electronic structure and the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO)/the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) alignment at the molecular semiconductor heterointerface of nanostructured TiO2/ZnPcGly dye sensitizer were characterized by X-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (XPS and UPS). The HOMO level of the dye ZnPcGly was determined to be located at 1.62 eV below the Fer
