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This paper analyzes the role of initialization when testing for a unit root in panel data, an issue that has received surprisingly little attention in the literature. In fact, most studies assume that the initial value is either zero or bounded. As a response to this, the current paper considers a model in which the initialization is in the past, which is shown to have several distinctive features
Two exposures in Jylland, Denmark, encompassing beds of latest Oligocene to earliest Miocene age (latest Chattian-early Aquitanian) yielded well-preserved palynofloras. The assemblages indicate that Jylland was covered by extensive Taxodiaceae swamp forests in the mid-Cenozoic. Besides a Taxodiaceae-Cupressaceae association, which was overwhelmingly dominant, other common plants in this habitat we
It is now widely accepted that globular cluster red giant branch (RGB) stars owe their strange abundance patterns to a combination of pollution from progenitor stars and in situ extra mixing. In this hybrid theory a first generation of stars imprints abundance patterns into the gas from which a second generation forms. The hybrid theory suggests that extra mixing is operating in both populations a
During recent decades women have made considerable advances in education and the labor market, even in fast-track professions such as law, medicine, and academia. While women have entered high-status professions, the career paths of some jobs have changed little and are still inflexible, which implies that professional gains may be offset by familial losses. We investigate continued childbearing,
Popular Abstract in Swedish Den farligaste formen av hudcancer, melanom, uppkommer genom okontrollerad tillväxt av melanocyter som är celler specialiserade i pigmentproduktion. Dessa celler skyddar oss från den farliga UV-strålingen med hjälp av pigment som omvandlar ljusvågor till värme. I Sverige drabbas drygt 2000 personer per år av sjukdomen. Cirka 80-85 % av dessa botas genom kirurgi men hos Melanoma is an aggressive disease that arises from deregulated signaling events in melanocytes. The KIT receptor tyrosine kinase and the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) are two essential components that are required for the normal physiology of melanocyte development and function. Consequently, aberrant activities of these factors are involved in the development of melanoma.
Context. The rapid neutron-capture process, which created about half of the heaviest elements in the solar system, is believed to have been unique. Many recent studies have shown that this uniqueness is not true for the formation of lighter elements, in particular those in the atomic number range 38 < Z < 48. Among these, palladium (Pd) and especially silver (Ag) are expected to be key indicators
In addition to HLA, recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) have identified susceptibility loci for HL at 2p16.1, 8q24.21 and 10p14. In this study, we perform a GWAS meta-analysis with published GWAS (totalling 1,465 cases and 6,417 controls of European background), and follow-up the most significant association signals in 2,024 cases and 1,853 controls. A combine
OBJECTIVEYounger age at menarche, a marker of pubertal timing in girls, is associated with higher risk of later type 2 diabetes. We aimed to confirm this association and to examine whether it is explained by adiposity.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-InterAct case-cohort study consists of 12,403 incident type 2 diabetes
Background: Asthma guidelines emphasize both maintaining current control and reducing future risk, but the relationship between these 2 targets is not well understood. Objective: This retrospective analysis of 5 budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy (Symbicort SMART Turbuhaler*) studies assessed the relationship between asthma control questionnaire (ACQ-5) and Global Initiative fo
ABSTRACT: The ever increasing social cost that society pays for illness and disease are currently steadily increasing in many countries in the world today. These changes in society becomes a major financial burden that activates politicians and health care organizations in order to find new solutions. Biobanks are becoming the new powerful modality within the field of modern Life Science, that is
Popular Abstract in Swedish Kardiovaskulär sjukdom är ett samlingsnamn för sjukdomar som involverar hjärtat och/eller kärlen. De är orsaken till 41 % av alla dödsfall i Sverige, och 12 % av alla svenskar lider av följderna av dessa sjukdomar. Ateroskleros, som är en kardiovaskulär sjukdom, kan upptäckas redan hos barn. Då ser man ateroskleros som en förändring i kärlväggen (plack) och i detta stadAtherosclerosis is triggered by LDL entrapment in the vessel wall. Oxidation and enzymatic processing of LDL give rise to inflammatory mediators such as lyso-PC. These inflammatory mediators attract monocytes into the vessel wall where they differentiate into macrophages. The macrophages adopt different phenotypes depending on the environment. In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies were combined
Hematopoiesis, the formation of blood cells, ultimately depends on a rare population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which can both self-renew to maintain the HSC pool, and differentiate into all mature blood lineages. HSC fate decisions are governed by a complex combination of numerous signals, although the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. This thesis describes the role of two i
Popular Abstract in Swedish Prostatacancer är idag den vanligast diagnostiserade cancerformen i Sverige. De flesta nya fallen som upptäcks är lokaliserade till prostatan och kan i hög utsträckning botas med antingen operation eller strålbehandling. För en del män har dock prostatacancern hunnit sprida sig redan vid diagnos och då är chansen till bot mycket liten. Vid utbredd spridning, så kallad mProstate cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Its treatment is highly dependent on the presence or absence of metastases. The available invasive and non-invasive modalities for detecting metastases are imperfect. Positron-emission tomography fused with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a non-invasive method for detecting metastases that is presently evaluated for prostate cancer. Fluoride
The rationale for thrombolysis, the most promising pharmacological approach in acute ischaemic stroke, is centred on the principal cause of most ischaemic strokes: the thrombus that occludes the cerebral artery, and renders part of the brain ischaemic. The occluding thrombus is bound together within fibrin. Fibrinolysis acts by activation of plasminogen to plasmin; plasmin splits fibrinogen and fi
Trait anxiety, working memory capacity, and the effectiveness of memory suppression. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. We aimed at replicating the finding that humans are able to suppress unwanted memories, and tested whether this ability varies with individual differences in working memory capacity, trait anxiety and defensiveness. In a think/no-think experiment, participants either recalled or
A recent nonrandomized pilot trial showed that hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with genotype 2/3 and rapid virological response (RVR) had a 90% sustained virological response (SVR) rate after 14 weeks of treatment. We aimed to assess this concept in a randomized controlled trial. In the trial, 428 treatment-naive HCV RNA-positive patients with genotype 2 or 3 were enrolled. Patients with RVR were
