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Abstract in FinnishSex-determination is commonly categorized as either "genetic" or "environmental"-a classification that obscures the origin of this dichotomy and the evolution of sex-determining factors. The current focus on static outcomes of sex-determination provides little insight into the dynamic developmental processes by which some mechanisms acquire the role of sex determinants. Systems
Making the built environment accessible for all regardless of functional capacity is an important goal for public health efforts. Considerable impediments to achieving this goal suggest the need for valid measurements of acccessibility and for greater attention to the complexity of person-environment fit issues. To address these needs, this study aimed to provide a methodological platform, useful
Recent work on geometric vision problems has exploited convexity properties in order to obtain globally optimal solutions. In this paper we give an overview of these developments and show the tight connections between different types of convexity and optimality conditions for a large class of multiview geometry problems. We also show how the convexity properties are closely linked to different typ
In order to examine contemporary Russian cinema, this thesis has two points of departure: firstly the Petersburg myth, which is here defined as reversible or ambiguous since it includes both an eschatological and a cosmogonic aspect; and secondly, the Petersburg literary text as defined in works by Vladimir Toporov. During the twentieth century, the vitality and actuality of the Petersburg myth wa
Graph cuts methods are at the core of many state-of-the-art algorithms in computer vision due to their efficiency in computing globally optimal solutions. In this paper, we solve the maximum flow/minimum cut problem in parallel by splitting the graph into multiple parts and hence, further increase the computational efficacy of graph cuts. Optimality of the solution is guaranteed by dual decomposit
Neutrophils interacting with a chemoattractant gradually become nonresponsive to further stimulation by the same agonist, a process known as desensitization. Receptor desensitization is a highly regulated process that involves different mechanisms depending on which receptor-ligand pair that is studied. Galectin-3, a member of a large family of beta-galactoside-binding lectins, has been suggested
This thesis is about the intersection between Corporate Social Responsibility and Supply Chain Management. I call this upstream CSR, the phenomenon that arises when an issue on a company’s CSR agenda becomes an issue for its sourcing and supply management operations. Upstream CSR as a phenomenon is not without controversies, but it also holds an important potential for reducing negative environm
In this paper, we study minimal problems related to dual microphone rig self-calibration using TOA measurements from sound sources with unknown positions. We consider the problems with varying setups as (i) if the internal distances between the microphone nodes are known a priori or not. (ii) if the microphone rigs lies in an affine space with different dimension than the sound sources. Solving th
Purpose: To assess baseline factors that may predict fast tibiofemoral cartilage loss over a 30-month period. Materials and Methods: The Multicenter Osteoarthritis (MOST) study is a longitudinal study of individuals who have or who are at high risk for knee osteoarthritis. The HIPAA-compliant protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of all participating centers, and written informe
Background: Transanal endorectal one-stage pull-through (TERPT) procedure in children with Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) has gained worldwide acceptance. However surgical success is often reported separately, while the necessity for true reoperation is difficult to establish. Aim: To evaluate the incidence of reoperations following TERPT procedure. The findings will be important in counseling and pl
Xenon atoms are double-ionized by sequential two-photon absorption by ultrashort extreme ultraviolet free-electron laser pulses with a photon energy of 23.0 and 24.3 eV, produced by the SPring-8 Compact SASE Source test accelerator. The angular distributions of photoelectrons generated by two-photon double ionization are obtained using velocity map imaging. The results are reproduced reasonably we
This paper concerns thermometric and direct and indirect investigations of the heat produced by the thermogenic dragon lily (Dracunculus vulgaris) and its main pollinating beetle Protaetia (formerly named Potosia) cretica. The experiments were performed on scented and scentless populations at Panormo, Therisos and Lassithi on the North coast of Crete in the springs of 2007 and 2008. D. vulgaris in
Background: The individual contribution of genes in the HLA region to the risk of developing type 1 diabetes (T1D) is confounded by the high linkage disequilibrium (LD) in this region. Using a novel approach we have combined genetic association data with information on functional protein-protein interactions to elucidate risk independent of LD and to place the genetic association into a functional
Migration is commonly associated with large scale movements of people, from one country to another, both in terms of refugee displacement and voluntary migration. The internal movement within countries is however less studied despite the fact that this is an important indicator for imbalance and also crucial for planning the future for the country. In Iraq, a major reason for migration has been se
This study attempts to develop a method for the simulation of surface flow paths on a digital elevation model (DEM). The objective is to use a facet-based algorithm to estimate the surface flow paths on a raster DEM. A grid DEM was used to create a triangular facet network (TFN) over which the surface flow paths were determined. Since each facet in the network has a constant slope and aspect, the
The estimation of three-dimensional position information from two-dimensional images in computer vision systems can be formulated as a state estimation problem for a nonlinear perspective dynamic system. The multi-output state estimation problem has been treated by several authors using methods for nonlinear observer design. This paper shows that a perspective system can be transformed to two obse
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We used Riks-Stroke, the Swedish Stroke Register, to explore how thrombolysis has been disseminated in Swedish hospitals since it was approved in 2003. METHODS: All 78 hospitals in Sweden admitting patients with acute stroke participate in Riks-Stroke. Between 2003 and 2008, 72 033 adult patients were hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke. We analyzed thrombolysis use by r
Examensarbetet fokuserar på pentatoniken, som på många sätt är utgångspunkten i afroamerikanskt gitarrspel. Underlaget till denna studie består av intervjuer med professionella musiker och lärare, samt en student. Utgångspunkt tas även i den egna förförståelsen, litteratur, videodokumentärer och CD-skivor. Resultatet av studien visar på stor samstämmighet hos de intervjuade gitarristerna i studienThis dissertation examines one of the basic elements of Afro-American guitar playing, namely pentatonics. The background material consists of interviews with professional guitar players as well as teachers and one student. Literature, recorded audio (CD:s), as well as video and audio documentaries, have also played an important role. The results show a consensus between the majority of the intervi
