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BACKGROUND: Endorsed by the Outcome MEasures in Rheumatoid Arthritis in Clinical Trials (OMERACT) group, The Effective Consumer Scale (EC-17) was developed in English for patients with musculoskeletal diseases to assess the skills and perceptions important for participating in and managing health care. The objective of this study was culturally to adapt the questionnaire into Swedish and to study
The 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39) is the most widely used patient-reported rating scale in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, recent studies have questioned its validity and it is unclear what scores represent. This study explored the possibility of regrouping PDQ-39 items into scales representing the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) co
Alterations in the expression and signalling pathways of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been linked to the clinical features and pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. In this study, we showed that VEGF protein expression was statistically significantly higher in the leukemic blasts than in the normal hematopoietic counterparts. A statistically significant correlation between ex
The mast cell mediator histamine is involve in T2D pathogenicity Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder which is characterized by high glucose levels in blood and urine. Diabetes is one of the most expanding diseases in the world today. There are 2 major types of diabetes; type 2 diabetes (T2D) contributes with up to 90% of all diabetes subtypes. Patients with T2D compose up to 150 mill
Large and mature companies often struggle with their capability of introducing radical innovations, as they can be in conflict with existing business model, processes and bureaucracy. A vital phase of the radical innovation process is the first phase, called the Fuzzy Front End. Scholars claim that FFE activities are entailed with much complexity and uncertainty, yet crucial for a company’s compet
International migration facilitated by contemporary globalization has brought about feelings of insecurity in terms of identity for both the host societies as well as incoming immigrants posing a major obstacle in host countries to integrate immigrants into society. In such context, social exclusion and discrimination can occur. The author argues that this is not a one-directional process. In orde
Nya versioner av gamla anticancer läkemedel Varje år dör miljontals av människor av olika typer av cancer runt om i världen. Cancer kan behandlas på olika sätt, och en av de vanligaste behandlingsmetoderna är kemoterapi. Antracykliner är idag några av de mest använda och mest effektiva kemoterapeutiska läkemedel som finns. De första antracyklinerna, daunorubicin och doxorubicin, isolerades på 1960Fast and convenient synthesis of a daunosamine thioglycoside donor and the aromatic O-glycosylation with simple phenols Anthracyclines are currently some of the most widely used and most effective chemotherapeutic agents. Since the first isolation of daunorubicin and doxorubicin, a large number of semi-synthetic anthracycline analogues have been synthesized. However, there are no reports of analog
The purpose of this thesis is to analyse how the Swedish newspapers' use of party-preference polls has changed over time. I study 246 articles published by Göteborgs-Posten, Dagens Nyheter, Aftonbladet and Expressen, and compare the time-period 1994-1996 with 2010-2012. Amongst other things, I look at the news-papers' reporting of basic statistical information in their polls, as well as th
Affärsmetoders patenterbarhet har diskuteras under en lång tid, dock är de exakta kraven för att en affärsmetod ska anses patenterbar och dessas tolkning inte tillräckligt klarlagda, varken i USA eller i Europa. Även om patenterbarheten av affärsmetoder inte har varit en okomplicerad fråga i USA, har både de amerikanska domstolarna och det amerikanska patentkontoret uppvisat en förhållandevis libeThe patentability of business methods has been debated over a long period of time, nevertheless the exact requirements for a business method to be patent eligible and their interpretation remain unclear both in the US and Europe. Although the patent eligibility of business methods has not been an obvious matter in the US, the US courts and the US patent office has chosen to adopt a quite liberal s
In today’s society it is hard to achieve scientific certainty on how our actions might affect the environment in the future. This causes problems in legal disputes, as a state must produce evidence of harm in order to stop potentially harmful activities. One way to get around this problem might be an application of the precautionary principle, which is examined in this essay. The basic definition
In 1993 with the entry into force of the Maastricht Treaty, the European Union, for the first time, formally institutionalized foreign policy cooperation in its Treaties. Thence, the Treaties governing the foreign policy of the Union has undergone no less than four reforms, introducing theoretically interesting institutional innovations. Despite this, academia has largely turned its attention towa
Barefoot doctor system is an important part of primary health care policy changes in China after the founding of New China, is a special viewpoint to study the special period of grassroots political change. Why medical care’s come into the sight of top leaders at that time? What does medical care system mean to modern state building? There may be a certain natural link between the body and the nat
The packaging waste problem was realized a couple decades ago. The effectiveness of waste policy instruments and EPR schemes for packaging and packaging waste is still being discussed in Europe. Finland like other EU Member states has transposed EU waste legislation into the national law. An EPR system for packaging and packaging waste in Finland was introduced in 1997. Plenty of changes to this E
The presence of federalism in the EC’s discourse has changed between 2001 and 2007. The discourse analysis of three documents that the EC published in respectively 2001, 2005 and 2007 points out that federalism in the discourse has been very present in the EC’s discourse in 2001 and 2007, but has faded to the background in 2005. The application of historical institutionalism leads to the conclusio
A large and growing body of literature has investigated the national parliaments and their involvement in the activities of the Union. However, the literature does not fully cover all the national parliaments of new Member States which joined the EU after the largest enlargement of the Union in 2004. As well, little is known about the national parliaments of Baltic Member States. This paper aims t
This study presents a fresh, humanistic perspective into the worldview of a rarely studied group: The Sweden Democrats. Having entered the Swedish Parliament in 2010, the Sweden Democrats are a controversial nationalist-populist party, and they are currently the only major party in Sweden rejecting the country’s famed multiculturalism model. The Sweden Democrats, and other Swedes who are openly cr
The Base of the Pyramid (BoP) refers to 4 - 4,5 billion people in the world, who are living on less than a few dollars per day. This majority of the world's population has a little resources and is usually considered as a group with no purchasing power and therefore is currently unserved and underserved by current products and services. However, more than any others, the low-income consumers a
