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Complexes of oppositely charged polymers and surfactants (OCPS) in water come in many varieties, including liquid-crystalline materials, soluble complexes, structured nanoparticles, and water-insoluble surface layers. The range of available structures and properties increases even further with the addition of other amphiphilic substances that may enter, or even dissolve, the complexes, depending o
Background. The aim was to investigate whether social network and social support factors can explain socioeconomic differences in the risk of consuming low amounts of vegetables, fruit and fruit juices. Method. The Malm Diet and Cancer Study was a prospective cohort study. The present cross-sectional study examined data from a subpopulation of 11,837 individuals that completed baseline examination
In the Caledonides of Scandinavia a lower part of the nappe pile, the Middle Allochthon, consists of metasedimentary rocks and orthogneisses, transported in a southeastern direction and presumably derived from the rifted margin of pre-orogenic cratonic Baltica. In the Sarek-Kvikkjokk area in northern Sweden, telescoped orthogneisses are composed of lithologies that share characteristics with the a
This paper examines the close links between knowledge-making authority and decision making authority in the multilateral negotiations on terrestrial sinks of greenhouse gases. Drawing upon social constructivist science studies and public sphere theories in international relations, the paper traces the communicative contexts in which state actors have struggled to bring meaning to the sink concept
The interaction between a cationic poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer of generation 4 and double-stranded salmon sperm DNA in 10 mM NaBr solution has been investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The structural parameters of the formed aggregates as well as the complex formation process were studied in dilute solutions. When DNA is mixed with P
The Atlantic auk assemblage includes four extant species, razorbill (Alca torda), dovekie (Alle alle), common murre (Uria aalge), and thick-billed murre (U. lomvia), and one recently extinct species, the flightless great auk (Pinguinus impennis). To determine the phylogenetic relationships among the species, a contiguous 4.2-kb region of the mitochondrial genome from the extant species was amplifi
Stimulation of rat adipocytes with insulin and isoproterenol results in serine phosphorylation and activation of the adipocyte cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (cGI PDE), events believed to be important in the antilipolytic action of insulin (Degerman, E., Smith, C.J., Tornqvist, H., Vasta, V., Manganiello, V.C., and Belfrage, P. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87,533-537). Here we demonstrat
The present study describes the preparation of 11 batches of starch microspheres for drug delivery. Parameters such as the type of starch material, the type of protein, and the incubation time of the process were varied, and the obtained microspheres differed in yield, encapsulation efficiency and physical properties. The crystalline/ordered structure (obtained through X-ray powder diffraction (XR
This study was performed to investigate the glomerular permeability alterations responsible for the microalbuminuria occurring in endotoxemia and during anaphylactic shock. In anaesthetized Wistar rats, the left ureter was catheterized for urine collection, while simultaneously, blood access was achieved. Endotoxemia was induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. Coli, and glomerular permeability
The outcomes of press perturbation experiments on community dynamics are difficult to predict because there is a high degree of indeterminacy in the strength and direction of ecological interactions. Ecologists need to quantify uncertainties in estimates of interaction strength, by determining all the possible values a given interaction strength could take and the relative likelihood of each value
The spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is one of the major insect pests of mature Norway spruce forests. In this study, a model describing the temperature-dependent thresholds for swarming activity and temperature requirement for development from egg to adult was driven by transient regional climate scenario data for Sweden, covering the period of 1961-2100 for three future climate change scenario
Previous work has suggested that dragonfly ocelli are specifically adapted to resolve horizontally extended features of the world, such as the horizon. We investigate the optical and anatomical properties of the median ocellus of Hemicordulia tau and Aeshna mixta to determine the extent to which the findings support this conclusion. Dragonfly median ocelli are shown to possess a number of remarkab
Palynological investigations of Rhaetian outcrops and drillcores in combination with subsurface data from wells in Scania, southern Sweden, have revealed the presence of marine dinoflagellate cysts in sedimentary strata that were previously considered to have been deposited in a mainly terrestrial environment. Two distinct dinocyst events are identified. One older event where persistent, rare to c
A series of heterogeneous latexes having stage ratios of 40:60 between the first and second stage polymers were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The first-stage polymers were non-polar S-BuA with Tgs ranging from + 100 °C to + 20 °C and the second stage polymer was polar MMA–BuA–MAA having a Tg of 20 °C. The latex particle morphologies were studied using TEM and the thermomechanical properties
Genome structure has been found to be highly conserved between distantly related birds and recent data for a limited part of the genome suggest that this is true also for the gene order (synteny) within chromosomes. Here, we confirm that synteny is maintained for large chromosomal regions in chicken and a passerine bird, the great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus, with few rearrangements, bu
The two most frequently examined biomarkers in the diagnosis of dementia are cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and beta-amyloid(1-42) (Abeta(1-42)). An assay for tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (phospho-tau) has recently been developed. We studied these three markers in patients with possible Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 23), probable AD (n = 50), AD with relevant cerebrovascular disease (AD with
The two cellular targets of interest in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are the photoreceptors and the RPE. However, the mechanisms involved in AMD pathology are not yet fully understood. In the present report, we extend our previous studies on semenogelin proteins (Sgs) in normal human retina and compare these with the distribution in retinas from AMD donor eyes. Semenogelins I (SaI) and I
