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The assessment of the free water fraction in the brain provides important information about extracellular processes such as atrophy and neuroinflammation in various clinical conditions as well as in normal development and aging. Free water estimates from diffusion MRI are assumed to account for freely diffusing water molecules in the extracellular space, but may be biased by other pools of molecul
The Late Ordovician stratigraphic record integrates glacio-eustatic processes, water-column redox conditions and carbon cycle dynamics. This complex stratigraphic record, however, is dominated by deposits from epeiric seas that are susceptible to local physical and chemical processes decoupled from the open ocean. This study contributes a unique deep water basinal perspective to the Late Ordovicia
GDNF and the GDNF receptors, c-Ret, GFRα1 and 2 mRNA is expressed in the developing chicken retina. GDNF labelling was mainly found in embryonic day 4-5 retina but weak labelling could also be found over scattered retinal cells at later stages. c-ret labelling was found over ganglion cells, amacrine and horizontal cells; the preferred GDNF receptor (GFRα1) over amacrine and horizontal cells; and t
The political economy of agricultural policies – why certain interventions may be preferred by political leaders rather than others – is well recognized. This paper explores a perspective that has previously been neglected: the political economy of the agricultural statistics. In developing economies, the data on agricultural production are weak. Because these data are assembled using competing me
African trade statistics suffer from errors of commission and omission. A quarter-century ago, Alexander Yeats (1990) compared receipts of importers and exporters and concluded that the data could not be used to determine the magnitude, direction, or composition of trade. The only fact to be safely deduced from the evidence was that the statistics were plagued by widespread smuggling and/or underr
This paper deals with the distinction between law and fact. In the article ‘The myth of the law-fact distinction’ (Allen and Pardo, 2003a), Ronald Allen and Michael Pardo argue that there is no ontological, epistemological or analytical distinction between law and fact. Instead, they claim that the distinction ought to be understood pragmatically, by considering whether the judge or jury is in the
Human body pose and shape estimation is an important and challenging task in computer vision. This paper presents a novel method for estimating 3D human body pose and shape from several RGB images, using detected joint positions in the images and based on a parametric human body model. Firstly, the 2D joint points of the RGB images are estimated using a deep neural network, which provides a strong
With the advent of cheap sensors and computing capabilities as well as better algorithms it is now possible to do structure from motion using crowd sourced data. Individual estimates of a map can be obtained using structure from motion (SfM) or simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) using e.g. images, sound or radio. However the problem of map merging as used for collaborative SLAM needs fur
In this paper we introduce a fast and robust structure-less alternative to full bundle adjustment. The method is based on optimizing algebraic errors for trilinear constraints from triplets of views. It is shown that the error generated by a triplet of views can be described by a fixed triangular matrix regardless of the number of feature correspondences between the views. The method has been eval
The ability of intrahippocampal grafts of fetal septal-diagonal band tissue, rich in developing cholinergic neurons, to ameliorate cognitive impairments induced by bilateral fimbria-fornix transections in rats was examined in three experiments using the Morris water-maze to test different aspects of spatial memory. Experiment 1. Rats with fimbriafornix lesions received either septal cell suspensio
The European Court of Human Rights has consistently reiterated that positive obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights arise when state authorities knew or ought to have known about risk of harm. This article attempts to describe and assess the role of state knowledge in the framework of positive obligations, and to situate the Court’s approach to knowledge about risk within an int
Learning a computationally efficient kernel from data is an important machine learning problem. The majority of kernels in the literature do not leverage the geometry of the data, and those that do are computationally infeasible for contemporary datasets. Recent advances in approximation techniques have expanded the applicability of the kernel methodology to scale linearly with the data size. Data
The recently introduced method of `signal apparition' offers a fundamentally different approach to separation of multiple interfering sources, by using a periodic sequence of source signatures along one source line. This leads to exact separation of signals in diamond-shaped regions of the frequency-wavenumber domain which are twice as large compared to those recovered by other methods. In this pa
The upper Middle to basal Upper Ordovician succession (Darriwilian to Sandbian) of the Fågelsång-3 drill core provides new important information on the graptolite biostratigraphy of Scania, southern Sweden. The Scanian succession is known largely from drill cores and a few scattered outcrops exposing only parts of the interval. The Darriwilian Almelund Shale Formation overlies the Komstad Limeston
In this paper we study the problem of estimating receiver and sender positions from time-difference-of-arrival measurements, assuming an unknown constant time-difference-of-arrival offset. This problem is relevant for example for repetitive sound events. In this paper it is shown that there are three minimal cases to the problem. One of these (the five receiver, five sender problem) is of particul
The crisis in fisheries, both in Sweden, Europe and globally, has for decades been a central topic for discussion among stakeholders with different perspectives. However, to regulate a problem and give the policy-making a proper target, there is a need for a common understanding of the problem. Inspired by Maarten Hajer, it is argued that discourses on environmental problems include story-lines an
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explain the “evaluation deadlock” or “stasis” diagnosed by many authors. The explanation relies on a thought experiment. Design/methodology/approach: The paper is conceptual and builds on a thought experiment inspired by qualitative research such as interviews with communication consultants in Sweden. It makes use of principal–agent theory and Akerlof’s the
We investigate how the uncertainties in σνN due the different QCD dynamic models would modify the neutrino absorption while they travel across the Earth. We compare the predictions of models based on the solution of the linear DGLAP equations at small-x and large-Q2 with those which impose the Froissart bound at large energies, taking into account the unitarity effects in the neutrino - nucleon cr
