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Aim: Several countries, such as Norway and Sweden, have not implemented universal varicella vaccination. We present data for Norway and Sweden that were generated by a paediatric multi-country Phase III study over a 10-year period. This assessed the efficacy, antibody persistence and safety of two varicella vaccines containing the same Oka strain. Methods: This was an observer-blind, controlled tr

Rationale: Evidence suggests that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment promotes weight gain in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). It is unclear whether weight gain is influenced by CPAP adherence or comorbid disorders. Objectives: To examine the CPAP effects on body mass index (BMI) and local adiposity and the potential moderators of CPAP effects on BMI in patients with O

Spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way's stars have revealed spatial, chemical, and kinematical structures that encode its history. In this work, we study their origins using a cosmological zoom simulation, VINTERGATAN, of a MilkyWay-mass disc galaxy. We find that in connection to the last major merger at z ∼ 1.5, cosmological accretion leads to the rapid formation of an outer, metal-poor, low-[α/

In the standard Lambda cold dark matter paradigm, pure dark matter simulations predict dwarf galaxies should inhabit dark matter haloes with a centrally diverging density 'cusp'. This is in conflict with observations that typically favour a constant density 'core'. We investigate this 'cusp-core problem' in 'ultra-faint' dwarf galaxies simulated as part of the 'Engineering Dwarfs at Galaxy formati

All the cells of the individuals with phenotypes "p" y "Pk" lack the glucidic antigens of "public" blood groups. These subjects form natural and regular antibodies against the missing structures (anti-P, anti-PP1 y anti-PP1Pk) that agglutínate or hemolyze the red-blood cells of every individual, excepting those with the same phenotype. Due to the exceptional character of these pictures (a few indi

Microglia are activated in many neurological diseases and have been suggested to play an important role in the development of affective disorders including major depression. To investigate how microglial signaling regulates mood, we used bidirectional chemogenetic manipulations of microglial activity in mice. Activation of microglia in the dorsal striatum induced local cytokine expression and a ne

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a Gram-negative human pathogen that causes infections mainly in the upper and lower respiratory tract. The bacterium is associated with bronchitis and exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and frequently causes acute otitis media in preschool children. We have previously demonstrated that the binding of C4b bindi

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is the major structural component of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), an innate immune response to infection. Antimicrobial proteins and peptides bound to cfDNA play a critical role in the bactericidal property of NETs. Recent studies have shown that NETs have procoagulant activity, wherein cfDNA triggers thrombin generation through activation of the intrinsic pathway o

Use of clay brick masonry in façades is often motivated by its aesthetic values and durability. Yet, mortar joints exposed to climate agents erode over time, expected to cause elevated moisture content and water absorption. Thus, it is often recommended that 40- to 50-year-old facades should be repointed – a measure which is intrusive and costly. Decision is in many cases taken without a clear evi

We introduce the 'Engineering Dwarfs at Galaxy Formation's Edge' (EDGE) project to study the cosmological formation and evolution of the smallest galaxies in the Universe. In this first paper, we explore the effects of resolution and sub-grid physics on a single low-mass halo (Mhalo = 109M⊙), simulated to redshift z = 0 at amass and spatial resolution of ∼ 20 M⊙ and ∼3 pc. We consider different st

Phage display technology is a common approach for discovery of therapeutic antibodies. Drug candidates are typically isolated in two steps: First, a pool of antibodies is enriched through consecutive rounds of selection on a target antigen, and then individual clones are characterized in a screening procedure. When whole cells are used as targets, as in phenotypic discovery, the output phage pool

BACKGROUND: Many clinical trials have evaluated the benefit of long-term use of antiplatelet drugs in reducing the risk of clinical thrombotic events. Aspirin and ticlopidine have been shown to be effective, but both have potentially serious adverse effects. Clopidogrel, a new thienopyridine derivative similar to ticlopidine, is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate

Background--Long-term disease progression after myocardial infarction (MI) is inadequately understood. We evaluated the pattern and angiographic properties (culprit lesion [CL]/non-CL [NCL]) of recurrent MI (re-MI) in a large real-world patient population. Methods and Results--Our observational study used prospectively collected data in 108 615 patients with first-occurrence MI enrolled in the SWE

Initiation of adaptive immunity to particulate antigens in lymph nodes largely depends on their presentation by migratory dendritic cells (DCs). DC subsets differ in their capacity to induce specific types of immunity, allowing subset-specific DC-targeting to influence vaccination and therapy outcomes. Faithful drug design, however, requires exact understanding of subset-specific versus global act

Background Potassium disturbances per se increase the risk of ventricular fibrillation (VF). Whether potassium disturbances in the acute phase of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are associated with VF before primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is uncertain. Methods and Results All consecutive STEMI patients were identified in the Eastern Danish Heart Registry from

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive tumors, accounting for around 5% of all soft tissue sarcomas. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of these tumors and the development of effective treatments are needed. In this context, established tumor cell lines can be very informative, as they may be used for in-depth molecular analyses and improvement of treatment strate

Galectins are versatile glycan-binding proteins involved in immunomodulation. Evidence suggests that galectins can control the immunoregulatory function of cytokines and chemokines through direct binding. Here, we report on an inverse mechanism in which chemokines control the immunomodulatory functions of galectins. We show the existence of several specific galectin-chemokine binding pairs, includ