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This study investigates the influence on the realism of confidence judgments of four different factors, the individual, the knowledge domain (crystallized and fluid intelligence), gender and cognitive style (Need-for-Cognition, NfC). Seventy-nine high-school students answered questions on word knowledge (WORD) and logical/spatial ability (DTK), both tests were administered on three occasions with
The competitive adsorption between oxalate and malonate at the water-goethite interface was studied as a function of pH and total ligand concentrations by means of quantitative adsorption measurements and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The results obtained show that ATR-FTIR spectroscopy resolves the individual spectroscopic features of oxalate and
Clubhouses are supposed to follow the International Clubhouse Standards, but they also need to make adaptations according to national and local contexts. This article compares the implementation of peer support elements in the clubhouse model in two different social contexts: the Swedish and the Japanese welfare systems. Participatory observations and interviews with members and staff at a Swedish
Study Design. Multicenter randomized controlled trial.Objective. To compare the efficacy and safety of balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) to non-surgical management (NSM) over 24 months in patients with painful vertebral compression fractures (VCF).Summary of Background Data. Recently, several large randomized controlled trials have been conducted and reported how vertebral augmentation compares with NSM f
The diversity and prevalence of malaria parasites of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus were determined in the globally-threatened Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola. Birds were sampled during migration in Portugal and at the wintering quarters in Senegal and parasites were detected using molecular methods. Only three generalist parasite lineages (Plasmodium) were found. There were no sig
The etiology of leukemias cannot entirely be explained by known risk factors, including ionizing radiation, benzene exposure, and infection with human T cell leukemia virus. A number of studies suggested that diet influences the risk of adult leukemias. However, results have been largely inconsistent. We examined the potential association between dietary factors and risk of leukemias among partici
Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. By testing different numbers of variants in independent studies, we show that the most strongly associated ∼2,000, ∼3,700 and ∼9,500 SNPs explained ∼21%, ∼24% and ∼29% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, all common variants
Non-traumatic pain in the shoulder, arm and hand (brachialgia) is a common complaint in the field of musculoskeletal disorders, where nerve entrapment constitutes a possible cause. The effect of nerve compression is dose-dependent; hence a low-level compression will only result in decreased endoneurial circulation, neural edema and a Seddon's grade-IV weakness, but won't be revealed in nerve condu
Objective: To examine whether the ratio of the second and fourth metacarpal bone length (MC2:MC4) in subjects with prior meniscectomy of the knee is associated with radiographic hand and knee osteoarthritis (OA) and its progression. Design: We assessed 219 subjects (175 men and 44 women) twice with a follow-up time ranging from 4 to 10 years. Participants had all undergone prior meniscectomy. The
Background and purpose - Several randomized controlled trials have not shown any added benefit of arthroscopy over placebo surgery or physiotherapy in middle-aged patients with knee symptoms without trauma. We studied the characteristics of the knee arthroscopies performed in southern Sweden. Patients and methods - From the orthopedic surgical records from 2007-2009 in the Skåne region of Sweden (
Treatment for musculoskeletal disorders in primary care in Sweden is generally initiated with advice and medication. Second line therapy is physiotherapy and/or injection and radiography; third line therapy is referral to an orthopedist. Manual therapy is not routine. It is a challenge to identify patients who benefit from treatment by different specialists. The current referral strategy probably
Deoxyribonucleoside kinases (dNKs) carry out the rate-determining step in the nucleoside salvage pathway within all domains of life where the pathway is present, and, hence, are an indication on whether or not a species/genus retains the ability to salvage deoxyribonucleosides. Here, a phylogenetic tree is constructed for the thymidine kinase 2-like dNK gene family in metazoa. Each enzyme class (d
Several ceramic biomaterials have been suggested as promising alternatives to autologous bone to replace or restore bone after trauma or disease. The osteoinductive potential of most scaffolds is often rather low by themselves and for this reason growth factors or drugs have been supplemented to these synthetic materials. Although some growth factors show good osteoinductive potential their drawba
The probability of, and time to, fixation of a mutation in a population has traditionally been studied by the classic Wright-Fisher model where population size is constant. Recent theoretical expansions have covered fluctuating populations in various ways but have not incorporated models of how the environment fluctuates in combination with different levels of density-compensation affecting fecund
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents (6-16 years), and relationships between being overweight and sleep, experiencing of fatigue, enjoyment of school, and time spent in watching television and in sitting at the computer. Trained school nurses measured the weight and height of 2891 children aged 6, 7, 10, 14, a
In cells that exhibit apical growth, mechanisms that regulate cell polarity are crucial for determination of cellular shape and for the adaptation of growth to intrinsic and extrinsic cues. Broadly conserved pathways control cell polarity in eukaryotes, but less is known about polarly growing prokaryotes. An evolutionarily ancient form of apical growth is found in the filamentous bacteria Streptom
The comparative and combined effects of nitric oxide (NO) and higher alkanes on methane oxidation were examined by experimentation and kinetic modeling. Experiments were conducted using fuel-lean, lower-alkanes mixtures with NO (0-400 ppm v/v) in an atmospheric flow reactor at residence time of 2 s over the temperature range of 820-950 K. NO was found to greatly promote methane conversion, and its
Background: Results from several cohort and case-control studies suggest a protective association between current alcohol intake and risk of thyroid carcinoma, but the epidemiological evidence is not completely consistent and several questions remain unanswered. Methods: The association between alcohol consumption at recruitment and over the lifetime and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma wa
The Rom legal culture and applied normative orders vary between different Rom communities, and are often divided into two main practices, i.e. tribunals and private solutions. The main form of tribunals is the so-called Kris, while the foremost private solution is the feud. In practice, Gypsy law can be seen as pragmatic, where any means suitable is used to resolve a conflict or to address an unwa
