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The choice of expressions for the coding probabilities in general, and the escape probability in particular, is of great importance in the family of PPM algorithms. We present a parameterized version of the escape probability estimator which, together with a 'compactness' criterion, provides guidelines for the estimator design given a 'representative' set of files. This parameterization also makes
A better understanding of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in vulnerable aquifers is important for the protection of water resources. To assess groundwater chemistry, groundwater sampling was performed from different representative aquifers in 2012–2013. A Piper trilinear diagram showed that the groundwater types can be classified into Na–SO4 and Na–Cl types. Only one groundwater samp
Intergrowths of hexagonal and cubic phases of faujasitic structure have been synthesised using crown ether templates and the phase integrity monitored by high-resolution electron microscopy.
Increased scholarly interest in ideas, goods and people that crossed the boundaries between modern empires (c. 1850-1914), known as transimperial history, has directed attention to microhistorical cases of individuals with transimperial careers. Such life trajectories are interesting in themselves, but their representativeness and broader significance for modern imperial history is often unclear.
Bread is the main food source that cuts horizontally across historical, social, cultural and economic areas. Bread is produced and consumed in the context of economic, political and social relations throughout human history. The factors affecting the production of bread are discussed. The political economy of the public bread practice, which is produced and distributed by the municipalities, is st
During eyeblink conditioning, Purkinje cells that control blinking develop an inhibitory response to the conditional stimulus. This conditional response (CR) in the Purkinje cell shows a number of striking similarities to the overt blink CR, including adaptive timing. The evidence suggests that the Purkinje cell CR drives the overt CR. Recent results show that the Purkinje cell CR does not depend
We provide a single letter characterization of the capacity region for independent, identically distributed, finite-state channels, with partial (quantized) state information, when the channel state information is available at the receiver. The partial state information is asymmetric at the encoders. The problem is practically relevant, and provides a tractable optimization problem. We also consid
Individuals are expected to avoid mating with relatives as inbreeding can reduce offspring fitness, a phenomenon known as inbreeding depression. This has led to the widespread assumption that selection will favour individuals that avoid mating with relatives. However, the strength of inbreeding avoidance is variable across species and there are numerous cases where related mates are not avoided. H
In this work, we study the formation and chemical evolution of the Galactic bulge with particular focus on the abundance pattern ([Mg/Fe] versus [Fe/H]), metallicity, and age distribution functions. We consider detailed chemical evolution models for the Galactic bulge and inner disc, with the aim of shedding light on the connection between these components and the origin of bulge stars. In particu
For many applications with multivariate data, random-field models capturing departures from Gaussianity within realizations are appropriate. For this reason, we formulate a new class of multivariate non-Gaussian models based on systems of stochastic partial differential equations with additive type G noise whose marginal covariance functions are of Matérn type. We consider four increasingly flexib
We analyse N-body simulations of star-forming regions to investigate the effects of externalfar- and extreme-ultraviolet photoevaporation from massive stars on protoplanetary discs. Byvarying the initial conditions of simulated star-forming regions, such as the spatial distribution,net bulk motion (virial ratio), and density, we investigate which parameters most affect the rateat which discs are d
We use cosmological hydrodynamic zoom simulations to study the neutral gas distributionin and around galaxies that gives rise to high column density HILyαabsorption (dampedLyαsystems (DLAs) and sub-DLAs) in background quasar spectra. Such simulations oftensacrifice numerical resolution for volume that affects the lower density galaxy halo gas,and simulations have difficulties reproducing the span
BackgroundVasovagal reflex is the most common form of syncope, but the pathophysiological mechanisms that initiate the reflex are not well understood. We aimed to study supine and early orthostatic levels of the neurohormones involved in control of circulatory homeostasis in relation to the onset of tilt‐induced vasovagal syncope (VVS).Methods and ResultsA total of 827 patients who were investigat
Heating systems must be subjected to hydraulic balancing in order to ensure proper operation. When the heating system is hydraulically imbalanced, heat is unevenly distributed across dwellings resulting in a large temperature spread, overheating, and consequently, waste of energy. In this study, we investigate the extent to which hydraulic imbalance affects the thermal energy consumption in buildi
Drawing on the theoretical framework of ‘relational work’ in economic sociology, the article examines the phenomenon of ‘precarious commitment’ – when employees’ commitment to their work and colleagues simultaneously exposes them to the risk of self-exploitation. The study analyses semi-structured interviews with game developers in the Swedish digital games industry. The article demonstrates the n
Microsoft Word - Afrint II Micro 070827 FINAL.doc AFRINT II Micro-Level Households Survey Instrument Draft June 2007 1 Contents 1 Household Demographic and Socio-Economic Characteristics ..................................................................................................................... 3 2 Farm and Crop Management ..................................................................
https://www.keg.lu.se/en/sites/keg.lu.se.en/files/a34.pdf - 2026-06-04
