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The principle of non-discrimination and its exceptions play an essential role in relation to safeguard measures. According to WTO law safeguard measures are to be applied in a non-discriminative manner, which means that they shall target all imports of the product at issue irrespective of their origin. This principle is however not always upheld.
Surprisingly few studies connect the chemical, mechanical, and hydrological evolution of rock as it weathers to saprolite and soil. We assess this coevolution in granodiorite from Monterey Peninsula, California, by measuring changes in bulk chemistry, mineralogy, volumetric strain, the oxidation state of Fe in biotite crystals, tensile strength, abrasion rate, connected porosity, and hydraulic con
The cancer microenvironment has been attracting increasing attention as the realization of its importance for both disease treatment and malignant progression. Here the aim was to elucidate some of the effects and mechanisms of the tumor microenvironment related to the extracellular matrix (ECM). We hypothesized that collagen fibril assembly is an instrumental component in the formation of the bar
The widespread growth of reefs formed by a framework of biogenic constructors and frame-lacking carbonate mounds began on Baltica during Ordovician time. Previously, Ordovician reef and mound development on Baltica was considered to be sporadic and local. A review of all known bioherm localities across the Baltic Basin reveals a more consistent pattern. Ordovician bioherms grew in a wide E–W-align
Attempts at modernization typically include change. We argue that, in a long term perspective, these change attempts tend to be balanced with reforms or measures aiming at stability. Many of the measures that are taken today, after years of New Public Management (NPM) reforms, aim at securing continuity and quality within the existing structures, meaning a public administration characterized by st
The income velocity of money declined sharply in Sweden between the 1870's and the outbreak of World War I. This decline is explained by a monetization process. An account of this process is given focusing on (a) the growth of commercial banking, (b) changes in wage contracts and in labor markets, and (c) changes in exchange arrangements in the markets for goods. A number of proxy measures of the
Microencapsulation by spray drying of oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions provides a means to encapsulate functional lipophilic ingredients. The active ingredient is dispersed in continuous solid phase providing protection. However, the encapsulation efficiency depends on the microstructure and morphology of the dry particles influenced by several mechanisms occurring during processing such as oil drople
The paper reports experimental results on the intonation of wh- and yes/no-questions in Tokyo Japanese, and discusses several implications for the semantic and phonological theories of focus. The intonation of declarative sentences, wh-questions, and yes/no-questions are systematically compared. The results show that the wh-question exhibits an F0-prominence on the wh-phrase, while the yes/no-ques
During the last 25 years the elementary school sector in Sweden has undergone radical change due to decentralization and deregulation. The logic of professionalism in the organizational structure of the public professional bureaucracy has been challenged, giving way for more of market logic. In tandem, at least from year 2000, the results in the PISA ranking have declined dramatically, leading the
We are seeing today an increased interest in ethics, the environment, and social responsibility at the same time as the individual is expected, in different ways, to realize him-/herself through consumption. These interests coincide with the establishment of ethical markets for re-use and second-hand. In this paper we investigate and map out the ethical shopping spaces in Helsingborg, and how thes
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to describe, analyze and explain the level of compliance of accounting practices with legislation and generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) within the Swedish water and sewerage sector. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical data are based on a document study of the annual full cost accounting reports for the financial year 2010. Weobtained complete
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of ability, desire and opportunity on the individual's intention to be self-employed. Design/methodology/approach – The authors created a database from Swedish national registers consisting of all individuals residing in Sweden sometime during the period 1997-2010 and selected all 333,001 full sibling pairs, 12,810 maternal half sibli
Much of what we believe we know, we know through the testimony of others (Coady, 1992). While there has been long-standing evidence that people are sensitive to the characteristics of the sources of testimony, for example in the context of persuasion, researchers have only recently begun to explore the wider implications of source reliability considerations for the nature of our beliefs. Likewise,
