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The European baseline series was last updated in 2019. This article discusses the reasoning behind a further iteration of the series for 2023.

Around the turn of the 17th century, the Swedish antiquary and mystic Johannes Bureus (1568–1652) claimed to have discovered the primordial theology and science of his Scandinavian ancestors encoded in their system of writing, the runic alphabet, inspired in large part by earlier Christian interpretations of the Kabbalah. In the leadup to the Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years’ War, he viewe

Exact analytical expressions for the ∆S = 1 coupling Im GE in terms of observable spectral functions are given. This coupling determines the size of the ∆I = 3/2 contribution to ε′ . We show analytically how the scheme-dependence and scale dependences vanish to all orders in 1/Nc and NLO in αS explicitly both for Q7 and Q8 . Numerical results are derived for both Q7 and Q8 from the τ-data and know

The two-point functions in generalized Nambu-Jona-Lasinio models are calculated to all orders in momenta and quark masses to leading order in 1/Nc. The use of Ward identities and the heat-kernel expansion allows for a large degree of regularization independence. We also show how this approach works to the same order for three-point functions on the example of the vectorpseudoscalar-pseudoscalar th

We present a derivation of the low-energy effective action of an extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (ENJL) model to O(p4) in the chiral counting. Two alternative scenarios are considered on how the ENJL model could originate as a low-energy approximation to QCD. The low-energy effective lagrangian we derive includes the usual pseudoscalar Goldstone modes, as well as the lower scalar, vector and axial-vec

We argue that the human evolutionary heritage with frequent adaptations through geological time to environmental change has affected a trade-off between offspring variability and cancer resistance, and thus favored cancer-prone individuals. We turn the attention to a factor setting the highly cancer-resistant naked mole rat apart from most other mammals: it has remained phenotypically largely unch

The currency devaluations of the 1930s facilitated a faster recovery from the Great Depression in the countries depreciating, but their unilateral manner provoked retaliatory and discriminatory commercial policies abroad. This article explores the importance of the retaliatory motive in the imposition of trade barriers by gold bloc countries during the 1930s and its effects on trade. Relying on ne

This dissertation is composed of six chapters. Based on a comparison with other recessions throughout history, the first chapter motivates studying the Great Depression from a trade perspective. The second chapter sets the stage for such an endeavour. It introduces a new macroeconomic dataset for the interwar period and investigates the prelude and global impact of the Great Depression. Highlighti

The 129Sv mouse gene coding for the alpha1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor has been isolated and characterized. The 11kb long gene contains ten exons, including six 5'-exons coding for alpha1-microglobulin and four 3'-exons encoding bikunin. Exon 7 also codes for the tribasic tetrapeptide RARR which connects the alpha1-microglobulin and bikunin parts. The sixth intron, which separates the alpha1-m

This report summarizes the activities of the SM and NLO Multileg Working Group of the Workshop "Physics at TeV Colliders", Les Houches, France 8-26 June, 2009.

Urinary tract infections activate a mucosal inflammatory response, which includes cytokine secretion and neutrophil influx. The mechanisms involved in the neutrophil influx have not been identified. Interleukin-8, a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, is produced by urinary tract epithelial cell lines in vitro. This study analyzed the human IL-8 response to deliberate Escherichia coli infectio