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Pathogenic microbes have evolved sophisticated molecular strategies to subvert host defenses. Here we show that virulent bacteria interfere directly with Toll-like receptor (TLR) function by secreting inhibitory homologs of the Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Genes encoding TIR domain containing–proteins (Tcps) were identified in Escherichia coli CFT073 (TcpC) and Brucella melitensis (Tc

In the frame of an encyclopedic article, a surview of the famous baroque Jesuit author Jacob Balde's life and his diverse oeuvre of Latin poetry is given.

The article is based on a pilot study of the stories of Swedish patients having had a kidney transplant abroad. Our focus is on how people who have been transplanted abroad talk about and handles the dilemma that may arise due to the transplantation trips.

I identify what I see as three aspects of contemorary cosmopolitan philosophy: A certain moral consciousness, a commitment to moral universalism, and an institutional implication of the first two. The third of these is often regarded as a fall-out or consequence of the other two. I argue instead that the institutional aspect should be regarded as primary and that a distinctive feature of cosmopoli

Examples from the affective domain have been plentifully employed for illustrating and sustaining the claims of the conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff 1980, 1992, Kövecses 1986, 1990, 2000, King 1989, Yu 1995, Matsuki, 1995, Soriano-Salinas 2003, etc.). According to this position, affective concepts (as many other abstract concepts) are metaphorically structured, i.e. conceptualized in terms of mo

As an introduction to the volume, this chapter discusses some of the methodological problems involved in assessing the questions of the historical Jesus’ engagement with the Scriptures of Israel. It is claimed that any method for studying the historical Jesus must take into account the two major tasks of Jesus research, viz. ‘authentication’ and ‘interpretation’. The article then discusses how ext

It is widely recognised that knowledge and highly-skilled individuals as “carriers” of knowledge (i.e. knowledge spillover agents) play a key role in impelling the development and growth of cities and regions. In this chapter we discuss the relation between the mobility of talent and knowledge flows. In this context, several issues are examined, including the role of highly-skilled labour for regi

The incidence of evaporating `black widow' pulsars (BWPs) among all millisecond pulsars is far higher in globular clusters than in the field. This implies a special formation mechanism for them in clusters. Cluster millisecond pulsars in wide binaries with white dwarf companions exchange them for turnoff-mass stars. These new companions eventually overflow their Roche lobes because of encounters a