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Comparative studies of corruption focus on the selection and incentives of policymakers. With few exceptions, actors who are in charge of implementing policies have been neglected. This article analyzes an original data set on the bureaucratic features and its effects on corruption in fifty-two countries. Two empirical findings challenge the conventional wisdom in literature. First, certain bureau
Using the findings of incident investigations to improve patient safety management is well-established and mandatory under Swedish law. This study seeks to identify the mechanisms behind successful implementation of the recommendations of incident investigations.
Translocations t(2;13)(q35;q14) and t(1;13)(p36;q14), which fuse PAX3 and PAX7, respectively, to FOXO1A, characterize alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Previous studies have suggested that the expression of PAX7-FOXO1A is copy-number dependent, but that of PAX3-FOXO1A is not, which may be due to a weaker PAX7 than PAX3 promoter. The aim of the present study was to compare the transcriptional activities o
This paper presents the results of a study on the discourse of Europe in Ukraine (among the pro-European movement) and the European Union (EU). I argue that the relations between the EU and its neighbours (and Ukraine is the biggest potential applicant for joining the Union) and the Europeanization affects on them it is necessary not to concentrate merely on possible institutional changes but take
This paper concentrates on the relations between the EU and Russia. A closer look at these relations shows that one dialogue within them ? the energy dialogue ? is developing more intensively than the others. This creates an asymmetry in the relations between the two actors. Thus the paper sets out to find the answer to the question, ?Why are the EU ? Russian relations imbalanced?? The analysis is
As already indicated by the title, this thesis concentrates on the legal and practical issues concerning special marks in the European Community. Chapter 1 contains some general remarks together with comments on the scope, purpose and methodology of this thesis. Chapter 2 discusses international conventions affecting trade marks in general and special marks in particular. The European Community le
The Nisga'a Final Agreement (NFA) is a legal agreement between the Nisga'a Nation of the Nass Valley, the government of British Columbia and the Canadian government. For the Nisga'a it is the culmination of over a 100 years of efforts to arrive at a mutually agreeable legal framework of land ownership, resource management and self-government. This paper evaluates the Nisga'a Final
This thesis examines the impact on traditional knowledge holders' right to culture of corporate appropriation of traditional knowledge for the purpose of developing new medicines. The questions addressed are: - Does the behaviour of pharmaceutical companies in relation to traditional knowledge infringe on the right to culture of original knowledge holders? - What regulation of bioprospecting a
Fair use is a doctrine native to the U.S., but is with the introduction of the internet more than a decade ago now informally applied worldwide. It has become a potent tool for the digitisation of classic content, such as books and music. In a very debated area of law, copyright is now regarded not as a promotional tool for intellectual endeavours, but as a brake block obstructing the development
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of competition on creativity in a Swedish context. Ninety-nine 5th grade children were divided into two groups and examined on the hypothesis that competition in one group would create an extrinsic constraint and therefore diminish the intrinsic motivation resulting in less creative outcome. Furthermore we hypothesized that the participants in the c
The strive for international justice have existed for a very long time. We have seen attempts been made to achieve this goal by for example the creations of the Tribunals for former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. The idea has been to prosecute and hold war criminals responsible for their actions. The most recent attempt to establish an international legal system was first made in 1989, when the process of
Over the last decades business has become increasingly globalised and corporations are no longer limited by national boundaries. As a consequence many states have abolished their exchange controls, that is to say, the rules that controlled the transferring of money or other assets abroad. The abolition of exchange controls, however, provides opportunities for tax avoidance. Since companies are tax
Fundamental rights and the four fundamental freedoms co-exist in Community law. These two fundamental interests have been placed on the highest normative level by the ECJ. Notwithstanding its similarities, fundamental rights and fundamental freedoms are two different notions, where the former is typically human rights and the latter applies primarily to economic circumstances. When these two funda
Pharmaceuticals have been gaining environmental attention on a global scale. It is estimated that approximately 4,000 medical compounds are used in the drugs applied today. As middle hand providers, licensed physicians are the third to last representative in the distribution chain of prescription drugs. The aim of this study was to examine if Swedish and Danish physicians consider environmental ef
