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The pluripotent rat islet tumor cell line MSL-G2 expresses primarily glucagon or cholecystokinin and not insulin in vitro but changes phenotype completely after prolonged in vivo cultivation to yield small-sized hypoglycemic tumors composed almost entirely of insulin-producing beta cells. When a genomic DNA fragment containing the coding and upstream regulatory regions of the human insulin gene wa

Ligand selectivity among the highly conserved galectins has been an ever-challenging objective. For galectin-8, a protein prevalent in both pathology and tissue distribution, we report phthalazinone-galactals that show excellent selectivity for the galectin-8N-terminal domain. A dissection of structure–activity relationships of the phthalazinone and an extensive molecular dynamics meta-analysis ac

Despite decades of research on the pathophysiology of depression, the development of new therapeutic interventions has been slow, and no biomarkers of treatment response have been clinically implemented. Several lines of evidence suggest that the clinical and biological heterogeneity among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has hampered progress in this field. MDD with low-grade inflamm

Background: Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to simple sugars at commercial scale is hampered by the high cost of saccharifying enzymes. Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) may hold the key to overcome economic barriers. Recent studies have shown that controlled activation of LPMOs by a continuous H2O2 supply can boost saccharification yields, while overdosing H2O2 may lea

Treatment of depression is hampered by the failure to identify distinct symptom profiles with distinct pathophysiologies that differentially respond to distinct treatments. We posit that inflammatory depression is a meaningful depression subtype associated with specific symptoms and biological abnormalities. We review several upstream, potentially causative, mechanisms driving low-grade inflammati

Kan civila som blivit måltavla för krigshandlingar försonas med sina före detta fiender? Denna studie analyserar muntligt gestaltade erfarenheter hos före detta lägerfångar som frihetsberövades i början av kriget i Bosnien-Hercegovina under 1990-talet och placerades i koncentrationslägerna Omarska, Keraterm och Manjaca. Efter kriget har fångarna tagit sin tillflykt till de nordiska länderna. StuIs it possible for civilians, who have been targets of war action, to reconcile with their former enemies? In this study I am analyzing the stories told by former camp-prisoners who were imprisoned at the beginning of the Bosnia-Herzegovina war in the early 1990’s. These prisoners were detained in the concentration-camps of Omarska, Keraterm and Manjača. The former prisoners took refuge in the Nor

In this paper we show that several metals, elements and energy resources are about to run into scarcity within the next decades, and most elements within some centuries. A new global systems model was assembled to analyse this scarcity as a continuation of the model used in the Limits-to-Growth World3 model. We show that this scarcity will lead to “peak wealth”, “peak population”, “peak costs”, “p

The concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has been underpining recycling/waste/product policy of a number of countries over the past two decades. However, it is considered that the understanding of the concept varies. This presents the findings from a survey conducted in Japan in 2013 to find out the actual perceptions of various stakeholders in Japan. It is part of a global survey con

Lignin is the second most abundant naturally produced organic polymer on earth. Lignin‐modifying enzymes (LMEs) are produced by the white‐rot fungi as products of secondary metabolism, since lignin degradation does not provide any energy to the fungus. The main oxidative enzymes include the peroxidases‐lignin peroxidase (LiP) (diarylpropane: oxygen, hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase), manganese per

Baserat på fullständiga sammanställningar av subskriptionerne på 2 Timoteusbrevet i 485 grekiska manuskript, presenterar denna studie texttraditionen och utvecklingen av dessa subskriptioner och förklarar deras förhållande till andra subskriptioner, paratexter, de interna material i 1–2 Timoteus, Apostlagärningarna och det bredare. kyrkohistoria. Studien spårar källan/källorna bakom traditionen atBased on full collations of the subscriptions to 2 Timothy in 485 Greek manuscripts, this study presents the textual tradition and development of these subscriptions and explains their relationship to other subscriptions, paratexts, the internal evidence in 1–2 Timothy, Acts, and the wider church history. The study tracks the source(s) behind the tradition that the letter was sent to Timothy, inst

The European Green Deal states that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions should be reduced by at least 50% by 2030, and that there should be no net GHG emissions by 2050. The energy sector is a key in this transformation, and energy communities can as accelerators of transitionsKey findings:•Future scenarios outline a decentralized energy system in which smaller generation units have become more economi

Radiation protection professionals are engaged in risk communication with various stakeholders to contribute to risk awareness, trust building, informed risk decisions, and advice for action. The newly launched IRPA guideline on risk communication has the objective to enthuse communication on radiation protection and provide experiences and techniques regarding this task. However, radiation protec