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The ICC, which was established in 2002, has come to introduce new legal norms affecting the judicial sovereignty of its member states – a fact that has become especially prominent in regard to states attempting to transition from conflict to peace. With the overarching purpose of contributing to a greater understanding of how the ICC affects and relates to peace processes, this thesis examines the
This study explores the contexts in which the conflict evolved and how history was perceived, narrated and used by institutions, communities and individuals who sought to influence public opinion and policymakers. The theoretical point of departure is the concept of collective memory, defined as the totality of discourses through which a society makes sense of itself, the present and the future th
on the 21st of September, the CJEU delivered the judgements in DNB Banka and AVIVA, clearly stating that the cost sharing exemption cannot be relied upon by taxable persons operating in the financial and insurance sectors, due to the fact that the scope of Article 132(1)(f) is limited to exemptions in the public interest. This paper will look at the purpose and the development of Article 132(1)(f)
This thesis analyses the energy consumption of the Italian and Swedish residential sector during the last two decades. It has two main purposes: (1) to test the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis that stipulate a decoupling relation between environmental harm and economic growth and (2) to investigate on four factors that could explain such decoupling relation. The key factors are the ch
This thesis examines the boundaries of Legal Professional Privilege (LPP), protected under the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (CFR), in tax law and the conflict between primary and secondary law through an analysis of recent Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) decisions on the sixth amendment to the Directive on Administrative Cooperation (DAC6). The research establ
This thesis provides an ethnographic analysis of civil society participation in the peace negotiations between the Colombian government and the insurgent group, the National Liberation Army (ELN). It examines how civil society actors navigated, engaged with, and attempted to influence the participatory process at the heart of the peace talks—negotiating internal and external power relations while
Early-life health shocks can have very serious long-term consequences for those exposed to them, a fact which must be considered when parents make decisions with regards to allocating resources across their children. Here, the 1980 famine in Karamoja, Uganda is used as a natural experiment in which to test whether parental investment responses reinforce or compensate the impacts of early-life shoc
The Fidesz government has likely had an impact on the Hungarian economy through the “nationalistic” policies implemented. The analysis in this thesis aims to calculate the extent of the economic impact of the Fidesz government on the Hungarian economy in the period 2010 till 2018. Moreover, in Hungary the regional economic inequality is significant. The second aim of the analysis is to see how the
In 2015, 19.2 million people have been internally displaced globally in the context of disasters (IDMC, 2016). This is more than twice the number of people who have been newly displaced by conflict in the same period (IDMC, 2016). The small island developing states (SIDS) in the Pacific and the Caribbean belong to the most hazard-prone regions of the world. Yet, the dynamics of disaster-induced di
The internal dimension of an individual is a potential deep leverage point for a collective change toward sustainability that is currently overlooked. Especially in their professional context, certain individuals can create change beyond themselves and the enterprise subjected to them. The environment of individuals, however, influences the activated potential of individuals for contributing to th
Företrädaransvaret är ett intressant institut inom Skatterätten som från början har sin grund i straffrätten. Det instiftades ursprungligen för att förhindra att aktiebolagsformen utnyttjades på statens bekostnad genom, att skatteskulder byggdes upp och användes som riskkapital. Reglerna som återfinns i 59 kap. 12–21 §§ skatteförfarandelagen (2011:1244) innebär att en företrädare kan bli solidarisThe rules on the liability of company representatives for taxes is an interesting legal institute within Swedish tax law, which originally has its roots in the criminal law. It was initially introduced to prevent the limited company form from being exploited at the expense of the state, by allowing tax liabilities to be accumulated and used as risk capital. The provisions set out in Chapter 59, Pa
The aim of this thesis is to examine how Turkey’s “proto-transition” regarding the Kurdish issue is gendered in the light of the narratives of a particular set of victims, the wives of the disappeared. The conflict between the Turkish military and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (Partiya Karkerên Kurdistan or PKK) has been ongoing for more than three decades. During 1980s and 1990s, enforced disappea
Contemporary discussions on peace implementations indicate that new peace agreements are more comprehensive in promoting peace than previous peace agreements. In contemplation of analyzing whether this idea is justifiable, this thesis utilizes the concepts of peacebuilding and power sharing in order to make use of a comparative study. The comparison between two peace agreements, one from 1972 and
Emanating from Putnam’s two-level game theory of international negotiations, the thesis analyse the interplay between the domestic, the supranational and the international level in the European Union, when negotiating the Bra War with China. The thesis expands Putnam’s theory into a three-level game theory in order to better understand the complexity of the European Union. The work concludes five
Financial services sector is fundamental to economic growth and development in all advanced economies. Financial services such as banking, savings and investment, insurance, and debt and equity financing constitute a nation’s economic engine by fulfilling three core functions in the economy. Firstly, these services provide financial intermediation functions between savers/investors that are lookin
Förbud mot karteller är likartade i de flesta länder. Om förbuden överträds är dock skillnaderna i de påföljder som kan utdömas, respektive i den eftergift som kan sökas och beviljas, värda att notera. Denna uppsats presenterar de påföljder för överträdelser av kartellförbud samt de eftergifter som erbjuds i EU, Storbritannien, Sverige och USA. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera vilka överväganWhile the cartel prohibition of most countries is quite similar, the differences in the sanctions imposed on cartel participants and the leniency available to such participants under national leniency programs are noteworthy. This thesis presents the sanctions for competition law infringements and the applicable leniency programs of the EU, the UK, Sweden and the U.S. The purpose of the thesis is
