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The symbolic order of discourse of ideology actually enables the existence and reproduction of violence. Mass crimes on civilians may become normalized and widely accepted if perpetrators of violence who exert violence and those who implicitly and explicitly support it believe that exertion of violence on others is justified by belief in some symbolic higher order. Many current examples of justifi
Crisis communication is a field dominated by functionalist and objectivist perspectives even though there are exceptions. With a departure in an alternative epistemology – social construc-tionism – this paper provides a reflective approach to understand crisis communication as a contextual and cultural construction process. Focusing on the social construction of crisis brings a much-needed approac
The chapter contains a brief history of the educational development of nurse anesthesia from the mid-nineteenth century till date in selected member countries of the International Federation of Nurse Anesthetist (IFNA). After a long period of on-the-job-training and being part of the basic nursing education, formal nurse anesthesia education started in most countries in the late 1940s until the mi
This chapter introduces the British MPs’ expenses scandal: its origins, evolution and consequences. We argue that despite some early predictions, the scandal was limited in its impact: the purported ‘revolution’ never occurred. We briefly review the comparative literature on the political impact of scandal, which illustrates why the effects of scandals are usually limited and reasons why voters ma
This book fills a gap in the literature of modern law and religion. The connection between law and religion is different in Scandinavia than in many other regions of Europe because of the lack of university-trained lawyers in the Nordic countries up to the eighteenth century. To arrive at a holistic picture of the relation among law, religion, the book covers the whole of Scandinavian legal histor
Having previously demonstrated that in-patients referred to neurology at two UK hospitals were not fully examined prior to referral, we designed an audit with 80% power to detect a 10% increase in tendon hammer or ophthalmoscope use following an educational intervention. In-patients referred to neurology over a 4 month period in the UK, Jordan, Sweden and the United Arab Emirates were asked whethe
AIMS: This report reviews major laws, acts and regulations of social benefits and services for individuals with disabilities, focusing on cerebral palsy in the five Nordic countries. It summarizes the available benefits and services and the re-application process and provides comparative analyses among the countries.METHODS: Published reports, articles and relevant government and municipal website
Previous research in the field of Environmental Federalism has not reached an agreement on whether fiscal decentralization leads to an increase in environmental pollution, i.e. a race to the bottom, or decrease in it, i.e. a a race to the top. Farzanegan and Mennel (2012) point out that this discrepancy may be due to institutions. Employing the OLS estimator, they find that fiscal decentralization
Financial Repression is increasingly recognized as a viable approach to address high and unsustainable debt levels. Despite its history dating back to the early-mid 1900s, the economic implications of Financial Repression have yet to be fully explored. This paper investigates the effects of Financial Repression, specifically the relationship between two key economic indicators: the exchange rate a
Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka FN:s implementering av sanktionsregimer och dess överensstämmelse med proportionalitetsprincipen. Uppsatsen har två syften; för det första att identifiera hur proportionalitetsprincipen har förverkligats i FN-stadgan samt i säkerhetsrådets riktlinjer, och för det andra att klargöra om säkerhetsrådet verkar förhålla sig till sina egna riktlinjer angående propThis essay explores the UN's implementation of sanction regimes and its adherence to the proportionality principle. The research focuses on two main objectives: identifying the principle of proportionality manifestation in the UN Charter and Security Council policies, as well as assessing if the Security Council adhere to its own policies regarding the proportionality principle. A doctrinal le
Homeric epics have been a continued object of interest across the ages, and it is no different today. Retellings of Greek myths with a focus on the female characters are especially popular with the modern reader. Authors Natalie Haynes and Madeline Miller are two of many who, through their contemporary novels A Thousand Ships (2019) and Circe (2018), have put the focal point on female characters.
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the European Commission’s role in the ordinary legislative procedure. To do so, the thesis examines the case of the newly negotiated reform of the CAP. The Commission has for many years had legislative powers when reforming the CAP. However, since the signing of the Lisbon Treaty, the Commission has only had the formal power to initiate legislative prop
Since its first publishing in 1954, The Lord of the Rings has been read by millions, and it has become the subject of many scholarly studies. However, one of its most famous characters, Gollum, has only been marginally examined. The aim of this essay is to counteract precisely that and examine how Gollum exists within, and in his own way embodies, the theological and moral system of The Lord of th
