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Thirty images with added simulated pathological lesions at two different dose levels (100% and 10% dose) were evaluated with the free-response forced error experiment by nine experienced radiologists. The simulated pathological lesions present in the images were classified according to four different parameters: the position within the lumbar spine, possibility to perform a symmetrical (left-right
We propose a method for detection of the degree of infection in the paranasal sinuses utilizing a previously published method whereby the viscosity in a sealed container may be measured using an ultrasound Doppler method. As ultrasound propagates in a liquid medium, due to attenuation, the resulting pressure gradient will cause the liquid to move in the propagation direction - the wellknown effect
Popular Abstract in Swedish Att fasta under ramadan är både en glädje och ett jihad för det muslimska samfundet i Java, och fastan är utan tvekan den mest aktade ritualen i det muslimska Indonesien (och på andra håll i den muslimska världen). Att avhålla sig från mat, dryck och sexuella relationer från gryning till skymning i en hel månad i ett tropiskt klimat - och att fylla nätterna med extra frFASTING DURING THE holy month of Ramadan is both a joy and a jihad for the Islamic community in Java, and it is arguably the most highly esteemed Muslim ritual in Indonesia (and beyond). To be given the opportunity to abstain from food, drink and sexual relations from the early morning hours until sunset during an entire month in a tropical climate - only to fill the nights with additional and sup
Abstract in UndeterminedThe purpose of this study is to preliminarily evaluate Chile’s energy and climate policy performance historically (1971-2007). The objective is to estimate different indicators in relation to energy and CO2 emission intensities, and identify policy instruments in the light of estimated trends and related structural issues. The methodology is based on a top-down decompositio
Limited data exist on surgical providers and their scope of practice in low-income countries (LICs). The aim of this study was to assess the distribution and productivity of all surgical providers in an LIC, and to evaluate correlations between the surgical workforce availability, productivity, rates, and volume of surgery at the district and hospital levels.
Popular Abstract in Swedish "Dom säjer de - do - dopey Swedes - but I tell you that - dom e inte så dopia" Avhandlingen beskriver språket som talas av den sista generationen svenska utvandrare till Nordamerika. Inflytandet från engelskan gör sig gällande på olika sätt, t.ex. som codeswitching, där ord eller fraser från engelskan används oförändrade ("dopey Swedes", "but I tell you that"), eller This thesis concerns two languages in contact: English and Swedish. It is based on interviews with Swedes who came to North America with the last major wave of emigration. The bilingual phenomena that appear in their speech, ranging from codeswitching to morphological, structural and semantic transfer, are considered as forming a continuum of language alternation. The study explores the opposing
Water and salt mass balances for the Dead Sea were modeled to consider different possible methods for maintaining its water level and water volume. In the models, precipitation, evaporation, rivers, ground water, input/output from potash companies and salt production, and brine discharge were included. The mixing time in the Dead Sea was modeled by a 1) single-layer (well-mixed) system, and a 2) t
Humanitära interventioner, alltså militära ingripanden i en stat utan dess samtycke för att skydda befolkningens mänskliga rättigheter, har under de senaste årtiondena varit omdiskuterade. Interventionernas förespråkare menar att vi alla har en moralisk skyldighet att hjälpa människor i nöd. De som är kritiska till interventionerna menar att dessa innebär en kränkning av en av folkrättens hörnstenHumanitarian interventions, that is to say military interventions in a state, without its permission, to protect the population’s human rights, have during the past decades been controversial. The advocates of the interventions regard it as everyone’s duty to help humans in need. The interventions’ critics argue that the interventions are a violation of one cornerstone of the international law, th
Rohingya-muslimerna i Myanmar har utsatts för diskriminering och förtryck i många decennier. Sedan 2012 har våldet i Myanmar eskalerat till vad många menar är folkmord. De påstådda brotten har fått uppmärksamhet i det internationella samfundet och särskilt inom området internationella mänskliga rättigheter. Examensarbetet gör en kritisk granskning av frågor relaterade till det internationella ansvThe Rohingya, a Muslim minority group in Myanmar have been subject to discrimination and repression for many decades. Since 2012, the violence in Myanmar has escalated to mass atrocity crimes, arguably amounting to genocide. The alleged crimes have gained attention in the international community and especially in the field of international human rights law. This thesis makes a critical examination
Idag konsumerar byggbranschen 40% av världens resurser och ansvarar för 30% av allt avfall. Att bygga resurssnålt innebär att vi strävar att bevara material i bruk när behovet av byggnaden upphör, att vi använder material från förnybara källor och uppmuntrar till återbruk. För att bygga resurssnålt, hållbart och permanent krävs god planering, men vad händer när behovet är brådskande? Hyrda försk
Sweden's compulsive laws are processed by social workers and there are no real guidelines for how the investigations should be assessed. It is up to the social worker to assess a case with the help of the law, the municipality’s policies, and the room for maneuver. The aim of this study was therefore to explore if social workers assess cases differently and what arguments they use in situation
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Australien har under det senaste årtiondet varit drabbat av en långvarig torka. Från 2001 framtill 2010 har bara ett år (2007) fått mer nederbörd än års medelvärdet för referensperioden 1961-1990. Australien drabbas regelbundet av torka men inte av denna magnitud. Det har medfört allvarliga konsekvenser för såväl landets befolkning, ekonomi som den naturliga milj
Background: An emergency department (ED) should offer timely care for acutely ill or injured persons that require the attention of specialized nurses and physicians. This study was aimed at exploring what is actually going on at an ED. Methods: Qualitative data was collected 2009 to 2011 at one Swedish ED (ED1) with 53.000 yearly visits serving a population of 251.000. Constant comparative analysi
The community nurse as consultant – a skills development project. In consequence of the municipality reform and the consequent sliding of services from hospital to primary healthcare, a Danish municipal wished to strengthen their community nurses professional competences, fellow-feeling and collegiate spirit by taking starting point in their newly developed ‘profile for community nurses’. This art
Background: Physical activity on prescription (PAP) is a successful intervention for increasing physical activity among patients with a sedentary lifestyle. The method seems to be sparsely used by general practitioners (GPs) and there is limited information about GPs' attitudes to counselling using PAP as a tool. The aim of the study was to explore and understand the meaning of prescribing physica
The purpose of this study is to examine the international legal instruments specifically addressing the practice of enforced disappearance and analyse if they are sufficient in relation to the gravity and seriousness of the crime. The instruments examined are: the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, the Inter-American Convention on Forced Disappe
BACKGROUND: In 2008, the Swedish government introduced a National Rehabilitation Program, in which the government financially reimburses the county councils for evidence-based multimodal rehabilitation (MMR) interventions. The target group is patients of working age with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), expected to return to work or remain at work after rehabilitation. Much attention in the evalua
Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in most developed countries. This work summarizes state-of-the-art, and possible future, diagnostic and evaluation approaches in multiple stages of CVD, including (i) visualization of sub-clinical disease processes, (ii) acute stroke theranostics, and (iii) characterization of post-stroke recov
