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A qualified estimate for pretreatment of the macroalgae Chaetomorpha linum for ethanol production was given, based on the experience of pretreatment of land-based biomass. C linum was subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment (HIT), wet oxidation (WO), steam explosion (STEX), plasma-assisted pretreatment (PAP) and ball milling (BM), to determine effects of the pretreatment methods on the conversion o
The treatment of sewage sludge is often a neglected part of wastewater treatment operation in developing countries. It is generally perceived as an additional operational cost and its importance for an adequate sanitation system is not fully recognized. Therefore, the production of sewage sludge represents a risk of human health and the environment due to the potential of spreading pathogens. In M
The starting point and reoccurring theme of this work is the accommodation of the effective judicial protection of individuals in the European Union system of review of validity of its acts. The discussion of this issue was intense during the decade before the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty due to the Court of Justice’s judgments in the two famous cases Unión de Pequeños Agricultores and Jégo-Quéré
In patients with radiculopathy due to degenerative disease in the cervical spine, surgical outcome is still presenting with moderate results. The preoperative investigations consist of clinical investigation, careful history and most often magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine. When MRI shows multilevel degeneration, different strategies are used for indicating which nerve root/ro
Pollen productivity estimates (PPE) are one of the critical parameters for a quantitative reconstruction of past vegetation from fossil pollen records. Modern pollen and vegetation data were collected in traditional landscapes of southern Sweden to derive PPE for the most characteristic plant taxa. The 42 selected sites are assumed to be good analogues of historical to prehistorical grasslands. A
Prophylaxis is defined as the regular administration of clotting factor concentrates to prevent bleeding. Extensive data from observational studies and a recent randomized controlled trial (have established that early prophylactic treatment prevents bleeds and arthropathy in boys with severe haemophilia. The initiation of prophylaxis in young children remains challenging. To prevent arthropathy, p
Certification programmes in fisheries have been introduced as a market-based tool for promoting sustainable fishing practices. While consumers appreciate the eco-labels by paying a price premium in the retail market, there is not much research on whether the premium transmits to the fishing industry. This paper adds to the literature by studying price premiums at port for the Swedish Baltic Sea co
Purpose: To evaluate the interday repeatability in the measurement of parameters used for the detection of progression of keratoconus by prediction limits (PL) for single measurements, and the repeatability coefficient (RC) for the mean of replicate measurements. Design: Prospective reliability analysis for cases and control eyes. Methods: Twenty-five eyes in 25 subjects with KC and 25 eyes in 25
The objective of this thesis is to comprehensively demonstrate the existing extent, and the nature of the Ius Cogens Human Rights Obligations of Transnational Companies and their enforcement in the international law. The existing international human rights law is mainly state-centric as it creates obligations primarily upon States to promote human rights. Apart from that one can outline an affluen
Meat analogues are products that are supposed to resemble meat in terms of texture, flavour, and also sensory characteristics. They have recently become increasingly popular due to numerous issues related to health, religion, environmental impact and the growing number of vegetarians and vegans. Due to this reason, many plant-based protein materials, including grains, legumes, microalgae, and mus
When conducting randomised clinical trials, the choice of methodology and statistical analyses will influence the results. If the planned methodology is not of optimal quality and predefined in detail, there is a risk of biased trial results and interpretation. Even though clinical trial methodology is already at a very high standard, there are many trials that deliver biased results due to the im
High-spin nuclear isomers in N≈Z nuclei between doubly magic 40Ca and 56Ni provide an excellent testing ground for the nuclear shell model and questions related to isospin symmetry breaking in the vicinity of the proton drip line. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the possibility of weak electromagnetic decay branches along the decay paths of the 6526-keV 10+ isomer in 54Fe. The i
Dytiscus latissimus (Coleoptera Dytiscidae) is an endangered diving beetle throughout its range. It is one of the two species of Dytiscidae listed in Annex II of the Habitats Directive, IUCN red list and in many national level legislations and therefore strictly protected. The conservation of endangered species first of all requires an assessment of their population size. Until now, a method has n
A control point for keeping redox homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during fermentative growth is the dynamic regulation of transcription for the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2) gene. In this study, the possibility to steer the activity of the GPD2 promoter was investigated by placing it in strains with different ability to reoxidise NADH, and applying different environmental con
Tools for accurate measurements of microbial biomass/abundance are imperative in soil ecology. This perspective was prompted by a lack of consistency in how the neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) 16:1ω5 are used to estimate arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal abundance, which we argue can lead to erroneous conclusions within studies and complicate among-study compari
In the challenge to reduce CO2, NOx and PM emissions, the application of natural gas or biogas in engines is a viable approach. In heavy duty and marine, either a conventional dual fuel (CDF), or a reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) approach is feasible on existing diesel engines. In both technologies a pilot diesel injection is used to ignite the premixed natural gas. However, the
Using satellite remote sensing data for observing vegetation seasonality is an important approach to estimate phenology and carbon uptake of land vegetation. The successful launch of Sentinel-2B in 2017 initiated full operation of the Sentinel-2 twin satellites, and they now provide 10 - 60 m spatial resolution satellite data at 5 days temporal resolution worldwide, releasing approximately 3.2 TB
