Filetype
This paper provides an ex-post assessment of the climate and energy policy developments in Chile emerging from a neoliberal economic model, during the period 1971-2007. First, correlation and regression analyses were performed to analyse historical CO2 emissions as a product of demographic, economic and energy-wide drivers. Then I estimate indicators related to CO2 emissions, energy use and econom
Nitrogen-containing nutrient sources can be used to mitigate the negative effects of pretreatment-derived inhibitors on product formation rates during bioethanol production. Process economic limitations require these nutrients to be inexpensive. A method of hydrolyzing the protein in the spent grain fraction remaining after wheat grain saccharification, using porcine pancreas trypsin, is presented
1. IntroductionThe third and latest wave of biotechnology is the so called „white biotechnology“ aiming to replace the C2/C3 chemistry based on oil and gas by biological processes. The backbone of biotechnology is the conversion by fermentation which is widely established in the production of antibiotics, enzymes, bioethanol and organic acids. In the past, fermentation processes had to partly comp
We present a theoretical study of the absorption of light in periodic arrays of InP nanowires. The absorption in the array depends strongly on the diameter and the length of the nanowires, as well as the period of the array. Nanowires of a length of just 2 Am are able, after an appropriate choice for the other parameters, to absorb more than 90% of the incident energy of TE and TM polarized light,
In this chapter a thorough review of the latest research findings on power generation from non-conventional low heat sources is presented. Main discoveries and results of research works ranging from source exploitation technologies to final power production are reported and discussed to offer an overview of their potential. Firstly the concept of low-grade source is presented and the main energy s
Under decennier har alla samhällssektorer blivit alltmera beroende av tillgång till säkra energileveranser för att kunna utföra sina uppdrag vare sig det gäller företag eller offentlig service och verksamhet. Även hushåll har för sitt vardagsliv blivit beroende av energi för att hålla värme i bostaden, laga mat, tvätt och hygien samt för att orientera sig i omvärlden via radio, TV eller internet.
In the issue of using Life cycle assessment (LCA) for assessing E-commerce, we had some epistemological observations, via content analyse method, indicating that LCA has not only aspects of the ‘Systems Approach’ but also of the ‘Analytical Approach’, with even less emphasis on the former in practical terms. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the connection among these observations, and
In this article, we discuss how energy-efficient technology is adopted and domesticated in households. To reach the political goals on energy efficiency, both technological and behavioural changes are needed. We will discuss how new technology is integrated in families' everyday lives and which barriers and enablers arise in relation to technology diffusion. Energy saving issues are illustrated us
Steep declines in photovoltaic (PV) technology prices have directed attention to the so-called soft costs associated with PV deployment. This paper focuses on one element of soft costs: those that arise from local permitting and inspection processes typically being handled by municipalities. Based on a literature review, the paper compares the status of local PV permitting in the US and Germany. R
The novel double-working-electrode electrochemical system with air diffusion cathode (ADC) and Ti/SnO2-Sb anode (TSSA) has shown higher efficiency and lower energy consumption for the degradation of organic pollutant from high-salinity wastewater, compared to the traditional single anode system. To further investigate and improve this system, in this work, firstly the effect of vital factors of th
In the search for viable pathways for transforming governance and institutions in the Rio+20 agenda, strengthening of public-private governance networks has been emphasized. Important initiatives are found in the expanding bioenergy sector where several certification schemes have been launched for ensuring that bioenergy feedstock meet environmental and social requirements. These initiatives are e
Popular Abstract in Swedish Vi använder allt mer energi och efterfrågan kommer bara öka, fram till 2050 spås en fördubbling av världens efterfrågan av energi. Drygt 85 procent av den energi som produceras i dag kommer från fossila bränslen som bidrar till växthuseffekten. En ny rapport från FN:s klimatpanel, IPCC, visar att koldioxid står för runt 76 procent av det totala utsläppet av växthusgasAccelerating actions to mitigate CO2 emissions was one of the important messages at the UN Climate Summit 2014. About 85 % of the world’s energy is provided through the burning of fossil fuels, which is the main source of CO2 emissions. Increasing the share of renewable energy, and making energy efficiency improvements and savings were actions that were agreed upon to meet CO2 emission reductions.
The functionalization of small-molecule hole-transport materials (HTMs) heavily relies on the rational design of molecular geometry, which can optimize both intrinsic HTM properties and interfacial properties for realizing high-performance and stable lead halide perovskite solar cells (LHPSCs). Herein, two fluorene-based donor–π linker–donor HTMs are seen, FL01 and FL02, whose side chains are tail
Photo-excitation intensity dependent electron and hole injections from CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite to nanocrystalline TiO2 and spiro-OMeTAD are presented with the electron injection yield decrease from 95% to 10% and the hole injection yield decrease from 99% to 50% by increasing the excitation intensity from 10 nJ cm-2 to 50 μJ cm-2.
The nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse spontaneously develops autoimmune-mediated diseases such as diabetes and Sjögren′s syndrome. To investigate whether NOD genes also promote autoimmune-mediatedarthritis we established a NOD strain with an MHC class II fragment containing the Aq class II gene predisposing for collagen induced arthritis (NOD.Q). However, this mouse was resistant to arthritis in contr
Second-generation biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass remain critical and require several challenges due to lignin compounds’ inefficient degradation and recalcitrate characteristics. In this regard, this study focuses on enzymatic technology as a promising treatment that is beneficial in breaking down the biomass’s hemicellulose and cellulosic parts. Thermostable bacterial species owe thermosta
The emergence of a hydrogen economy in Europe and the Nordic region represents one important pathway to decarbonization of critical sectors. This development is and will be shaped by distinctive national strategies that do not fully converge around shared objectives. The landscape reveals a complex interplay of technological innovation, industrial policy, and environmental ambition.Each Nordic cou
