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Numerous applications of membrane processes are feasible in pulp mills. The challenges inherent in these applications vary. High pH and high temperature call for ceramic membranes when treating spent pulping liquors, whereas low-cost membranes are needed when treating dilute process streams in mechanical pulp mills. Ultrafiltration has been used to recover lignosulphonate in sulphite pulp mills fo

Laser diagnostic techniques have during the last decade been successfully applied for diagnostics of combustion processes. The main advantages with these techniques are that they are inherently non-intrusive and that spatially as well as temporally resolved information can be achieved. The current paper will exemplify two different laser spectroscopic techniques. Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF),

This document presents a monitoring protocol to assess the overall performance of a lighting and/or daylighting retrofit of a building. This protocol covers four key aspects:1. Energy use;2. Retrofit costs;3. Photometric assessment;4. User assessment.This document develops each aspect in detail, presenting the required measurements and necessary equipment as well as providing guidelines for data a

Introduction Anal fistula is an abnormal tract with an external and internal opening that cause leakage, discomfort, and occasionally pain. Surgery is standard treatment, but recurrence and anal incontinence is common. The objective of the study was to analyze resource use, costs and sick leave for newly diagnosed patients with anal fistula in Sweden. Methods The study was based on register data f

Nanoscale plasmonic systems combine the advantages of optical frequencies with those of small spatial scales, circumventing the limitations of conventional photonic systems by exploiting the strong field confinement of surface plasmons. As a result of this miniaturization to the nanoscale, electron microscopy techniques are the natural investigative methods of choice. Recent years have seen the de

Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen beskriver en ny typ av kompakt röntgenkälla baserad på ett laser-producerat plasma (LPP). I motsats till konventionella LPP används inte fasta material som strålmål för den fokuserade laserstrålen. I stället används mikroskopiska vätskedroppar eller vätskestrålar. Detta medför en mycket väsentlig minskning av det skräp (debris) som skickas ut från plasmat. A new high-brightness source for soft X-rays and EUV-radiation has been developed. This laser-plasma source utilizes a microscopic liquid droplet or jet as target. The result is a reduction of debris emission by several orders of magnitude compared to conventional laser plasmas. The minute amounts of residual ionic/atomic debris can be obstructed by filters or a localized gas shield. Target liquid

In multiple-access communication systems co-channel interference can be mitigated by applying multiuser detection instead of treating the interference as additive noise [1]. In this paper we focus on downlink operation in a GSM-like TDMA network and investigate multiuser channel estimation and data symbol detection of two users that share the same physical channel in two adjacent cells. Such a sce

The time-difference of arrival techniques are adapted to locate networked enemy radars using a cooperative team of unmanned aerial vehicles. The team is engaged in deceiving the radars, which limits where they can fly and requires accurate radar positions to be known. Two time-differences of radar pulse arrivals at two vehicle pairs are used to localize one of the radars. An explicit solution for

People who have visual impairments may have difficulties navigating freely and without personal assistance, and some are even afraid to go out alone. Current navigation devices with non-visual feedback are quite expensive, few, and are in general focused on routing and target finding. We have developed a test prototype application for Android in which a user may scan for map information using the

The paper presents two recently developed, Matlab-based analysis tools for realtime control systems. The first tool, called Jitterbug, is used to compute a performance criterion for a control loop under various timing conditions. The tool makes it easy to quickly judge how sensitive a controller is to implementation effects such as slow sampling, delays, jitter, etc. The second tool, called TrueTi

The paper presents a Matlab toolbox for simulation of real-time control systems. The basic idea is to simulate a real-time kernel in parallel with continuous plant dynamics. The toolbox allows the user to explore the timely behavior of control algorithms, and to study the interaction between the control tasks and the scheduler. From a research perspective, it also becomes possible to experiment wi