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The performance of a turbo code can be severely degraded if no trellis termination is employed. This paper investigates the implications of the choice of trellis termination method for turbo codes, and explains the origin of the performance degradation often experienced without trellis termination. An efficient method to derive the distance spectrum of turbo codes for different trellis termination

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system, characterized by focal inflammatory lesions with demyelination and axonal loss. It is believed that MS is an immune-mediated disorder with both genetic and environmental contributions to the pathogenesis. Interferons (IFNs) are naturally occurring proteins known to have antiviral, antiproliferative and immunoregulatory eff

This study deals with the furst attempt at postwar European integration in the defense and foreign policy fields. The European army plan was laid forth by Paris in 1950 after Washington demanded a German contribution to Western defense. Claiming that she could not accept a German presence in NATO, France instead drafted a plan for a supranational, European army. This ill-fated proposal occupied mu

BACKGROUND: In health economics, health is regarded as part of an individual's human capital. As such it depreciates over time, and investments in health are made in order to keep the stock of health capital at the desired level. Using this framework for analysis of health-related behaviour and Swedish panel data, we examined whether the presence of asthma or allergy affects perceived health and i

Objectives: To evaluate the use of cellular and cordless telephones as the risk factor For non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Methods: Male and female subjects aged 18-74 years living in Sweden were Included during a period from I December 1999 to 30 April 2002. Controls were selected from the national population registry. Exposure to different agents was assessed by questionnalre. Results: In total, 9

Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) is involved in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Exogenous administration of FGF-2 increased dopaminergic (DA) graft survival in different animal models of Parkinson's disease. To study the physiological function of the endogenous FGF-2 system, we analyzed the nigrostriatal system of mice lacking FGF-2, mice overexpressing FGF-2, and FGF-

An increasing incidence of testicular cancer has been reported from several western countries during the last decades. According to current hypothesis testicular cancer is initiated during the foetal period and exposure to endocrine disruptors such as some persistent organic pollutants has been of concern. We have previously reported the results for concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB

We present an approach proving the integrability of the Camassa-Holm equation for initial data of small amplitude.

The number and diversity of chemicals produced and used in society today are growing in conjunction with the both evident and uncertain environmental impacts associated with the life cycles of these chemicals. Chemical management services (CMS) is a business strategy based on a strategic, long-term contract, according to which the supplier of chemical management services accepts the responsibility

Disturbances in swallowing are common in neurologic disease but difficult to evaluate in the clinical setting. Fundamental variables such as bolus volume, swallow capacity (volume ingested over time), and the relation between ingestion and time for important events in oral and pharyngeal swallowing have not been sufficiently studied. We therefore employed a composite method for monitoring oral and

Appearance of dyskinesia is a common problem of long-term l-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's disease patients and represents a major limitation for the pharmacological management of the motor symptoms in advanced disease stages. We have recently demonstrated that dopamine released from serotonin neurons is responsible for l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats, raising

The Ebf (O/E) family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors plays a significant role in B lymphocyte and neuronal development. The three primary members of this family, Ebf1, 2, and 3, are all expressed in adipocytes, and Ebf1 promotes adipogenesis when overexpressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Here we report that these three proteins have adipogenic potential in multiple cellular models and that p

The oscillations between glacial and interglacial climate conditions over the past three million years have been characterized by a transfer of immense amounts of water between two of its largest reservoirs on Earth - the ice sheets and the oceans. Since the latest of these oscillations, the Last Glacial Maximum (between about 30,000 and 19,000 years ago), similar to50 million cubic kilometres of

A generally implementable method for predicting salvageability on the presenting electrocardiogram (ECG) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) would be of great clinical importance. ECG-derived Grades of Ischemia (1) have been proven useful in predicting the extent and severity of left ventricular dysfunction after anterior MI, estimating short and long-term prognosis, final infarct s

This paper presents a new and practical simulation interface to design and analyze lower-limb prosthetic devices. The proposed tool simulates the gait of a lower limb amputee using a desired prosthetic device. It allows the analysis of simple passive devices or the testing of control algorithms for active prostheses. The results presented in this paper correspond to the use of this tool to test a