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Species of the ascomycetous genus Cladobotryum (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) are ecologically and economically important mycoparasites that cause cobweb disease in cultivated and wild mushrooms. Despite their significance as fungal pathogens and producers of bioactive metabolites, the taxonomy of Cladobotryum remains unresolved due to extensive morphological plasticity, complex teleomorph–anamorph c

Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play important roles in atmospheric chemistry, yet most studies have focused on canopy emissions. Decomposition of forest litter, a major below-canopy VOC source, can substantially influence atmospheric oxidation and aerosol formation. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), one of the most widely distributed tree species across the boreal zone, produces terpen

Freshwater lakes are becoming warmer and browner, with poorly known ecosystem consequences. A major unresolved issue is how these changes will affect the feeding rates of predators that regulate top-down trophic cascades. We explored the effects of temperature and browning on the functional response and feeding rates of a keystone predator, the Northern pike Esox lucius. We first derived a simple

We present a genome assembly from a male specimen of Zethes insularis (Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Erebidae). The assembly contains two haplotypes with total lengths of 862.07 megabases and 869.20 megabases. Most of haplotype 1 (99.0%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z sex chromosome. Most of haplotype 2 (95.76%) is scaffolded into 31 chromosomal pseudomolecu

Chemical communication is the oldest and most widespread form of signalling among and within organisms. Among the many compounds involved in such communication, pyrazines – nitrogen-containing heterocyclic molecules – are especially intriguing due to their widespread occurrence across the tree of life, from bacteria and fungi to insects and mammals. In this review, we focus on the role of pyrazine

Female-producing parthenogenesis is widespread in stick insects. It ranges from rare in sexual species to facultative or obligate, the latter sometimes in hybrids. This review synthesizes current knowledge on its origins, mechanisms, and evolutionary consequences, highlighting the distinction between hybrid and intra-specific origins. Hybrid-derived parthenogens are rare, obligate, frequently poly

In agricultural landscapes, sown flower strips can benefit pollinators and pollination of nearby plants, but their impact on pollination in the wider landscape is poorly studied. We evaluated effects on reproductive success of field bean (Vicia faba) and woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) using data from two study systems, both including study sites (1 km radius) with (flower strip sites) or wit

Stakeholder interaction is important for enabling environmental research to support the societal transition to sustainability. We argue that it is crucial to take researchers’ approaches to and perceptions of stakeholder interaction into account, to enable more clarity in discussions about interaction, as well as more systematic interaction approaches. Through a survey and focus group interviews w

Nature-based solutions (NbS) are gaining traction in high-level, decision-making arenas as a response to global policy challenges. Claiming to be transformative and pluralistic, NbS aim to resolve societal problems through a focus on nature, which is understood to be a benign ally. This uncritical framing of nature may have unintended and inequitable consequences that undermine the emancipatory po

Philosophers of science have in recent years become increasingly interested in the notion of interdisciplinarity. One important form interdisciplinarity can take is that of a dynamic exchange of problems and solutions between disciplines— what has recently been called problem-feeding. On this model problems arising within specific disciplines are sometimes solved more effectively by, or in collabo

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were an important precursor to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Hence, identifying the conditions that made the MDGs successful enhances our understanding of global goal-setting and informs the global endeavour to achieve the SDGs. Drawing on a comprehensive review of 316 articles published between 2009 and 2018, we identify six factors that have en

The influence of climate on soil microorganisms governs the input and output fluxes of carbon (C) from soils. The study of the drastic responses to drying-rewetting offers an opportunity to assess an aspect of ‘soil health’ via evaluating the role of microbes in soil biochemistry and C cycling. Recent evidence has consistently shown that communities exposed to extreme moisture fluctuations recurre

PurposeDrylands account for 47.2% of land area and contain 15.5% of global carbon (C). However, the variation in organic and inorganic C stocks across latitudinal gradients in arid and semiarid shrubland ecosystems remains understudied, and we lack in-depth understanding of the main drivers of C variation at this spatial scale.MethodsHere, we sampled soils from 95 sites across a latitudinal gradie

The European commission launch of the twin Sentinel-2 satellites provides new opportunities for land use and land cover (LULC) classification because of the readily availability of their data and their enhanced spatial, temporal and spectral resolutions. The rapid development of machine learning over the past decade led to data-driven models being at the forefront of high accuracy predictions of t

Future climate warming in the Arctic will likely increase the vulnerability of soil carbon stocks to microbial decomposition. However, it remains uncertain to what extent decomposition rates will change in a warmer Arctic, because extended soil warming could induce temperature adaptation of bacterial communities. Here we show that experimental warming induces shifts in the temperature–growth relat

Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) are a crucial component of biosphere-atmosphere interactions. In northern latitudes, climate change is amplified by feedback processes in which BVOCs have a recognized, yet poorly quantified role, mainly due to a lack of measurements and concomitant modeling gaps. Hence, current Earth system models mostly rely on temperature responses measur

“Urban Sharing in Toronto” explores the landscape of the sharing economy in the city context. This research is a result of a Mobile Research Lab conducted by 8 researchers from Lund university in 2019. Specific focus is on three sectors: sharing of space, mobility and physical goods. For each sector, we discuss the drivers and barriers to the sharing economy, the associated sustainability impacts,

Adaptation to new ecological niches is known to spur population diversification and may lead to speciation if gene flow is ceased. While adaptation to the same ecological niche is expected to be parallel, it is more difficult to predict whether selection against maladaptive hybridization in secondary sympatry results in parallel divergence also in traits that are not directly related to the ecolog