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The MITF transcription factor and the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway are two interconnected main players in melanoma. Understanding how MITF activity is regulated represents a key question since its dynamic modulation is involved in the phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells and their resistance to therapy. By investigating the role of ARAF in NRAS-driven mouse melanoma through mass spectrometry experim

Phenotypic plasticity can be adaptive in fluctuating environments by providing rapid environment-phenotype matching and this applies particularly in seasonal environments. African Bicyclus butterflies have repeatedly colonized seasonal savannahs from ancestral forests around the late Miocene, and many species now exhibit seasonal polyphenism. On a macroevolutionary scale, it can be expected that s

Säkerheten om demokratins robusthet har gett vika för en allmänt diagnostiserad demokratikris. Allt fler röster höjs för att försvara de demokratiska institutionerna mot dem som vill avskaffa dem på formellt demokratisk väg. Men för att värna demokratin, hävdas det, krävs paradoxalt nog att man håller tillbaka den demokratiska omvandlingen. I denna avhandling hävdas att denna ”demokratiska paradoCertainty about the robustness of democracy has given way to a widely diagnosed crisis of democracy. There are increasing calls to defend democratic institutions against those who seek their formally democratic abolishment. But safeguarding democracy, it is argued, paradoxically requires restraining democratic transformation. This dissertation argues that this ‘democratic paradox’ is misconceived.

Melanin-based color polymorphism is predicted to evolve and maintain through differential fitness of morphs in different environments, and several empirical studies indicate that life history strategies, physiology, and behavior vary among color morphs. Sex allocation theory predicts that parents should adjust their sex allocation based on differential costs of raising sons and daughters, and ther

The translational GTPases hydrolyze GTP on the ribosome at several stages of the protein synthesis cycle. Because of the strong conservation of their catalytic center, these enzymes are expected to operate through a universal hydrolysis mechanism, in which a critical histidine residue together with the sarcin-ricin loop of the large ribosomal subunit is necessary for GTPase activation. Here we exa

Getting or paying “interest” on loans is probably the most vehemently and frequently debated subject of Islamic economics. There is no doubt that the Holy Quran forbids riba, but the question is: Does the Holy Quran give a “divine” definition of riba or its scope? Unfortunately, the Holy Book of Islam, which is the primary source of reference for Muslims, offers no “divine” definitions. Definition

The incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has been steadily rising, though the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the biological role of TM4SF4 in the PTC progression. Our differential expression analysis indicated that TM4SF4 was significantly upregulated in PTC, which was corroborated in both our local cohort and the data from Human Protein Atlas. Additional

This article explores assemblages of ground truth datasets for the development of medical artificial intelligence (AI). By drawing from interviews and observations, I examine how AI experts developing medical AI relate to the referential truth basis of their work, their ground truths, as an epistemic concern. By addressing how datasets are assembled from different sources, and produced, augmented

Background: Multimorbidity, i.e. two or more non-communicable diseases (NCDs), has been associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE), but whether multimorbidity is a predictor for incident VTE is unknown. Aims: To examine the associations between multimorbidity and its severity with risk of incident VTE, and examine the association between nine different disease clusters and incident VTE. Methods:

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the association between metabolic syndrome and breast cancer (BC) outcomes in BC survivors. Methods: Systematic searches were carried out in PubMed and Embase using variations of the search terms: breast neoplasms (population), metabolic syndrome (exposure), and survival (outcome). Metabolic syndrome was characterized according to the A

Purpose: This systematic literature review aims to develop a comprehensive understanding of effort as a multidimensional construct in individuals with impaired swallowing and/or spoken communication. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across three data-bases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL, covering publications from 1966 to 2024. The search included terms related to commu

Self-care is increasingly recognized as a central aspect of mental health recovery, yet its meaning and enactment among individuals who engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) remain poorly understood. Existing conceptual models emphasize self-care as behavioral regulation, awareness, and autonomy but may overlook the emotional and relational complexities that shape this process in psychiatric c

Microbial eukaryotes (protists) have major functional roles in aquatic ecosystems, including the biogeochemical cycling of elements as well as occupying various roles in the food web. Despite their importance for ecosystem function, the factors that drive diversification in protists are not known. Here, we aimed to identify the factors that drive differentiation and, subsequently, speciation in a

This article analyses the #HerYürüyüşümüzOnurYürüyüşü (Every Parade of Ours is a Pride Parade) hashtag campaign for 2019 Pride month in Turkey, expressing the collective frustration of the LGBTI+ community against long-lasting bans for LGBTI+ events and public assembly. Drawing on a digital ethnography from Twitter, the article explores networked resistances within the complexity of online and off

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a conserved eukaryotic quality control mechanism which triggers decay of mRNAs harboring premature translation termination codons. In this chapter, I describe methods for monitoring the influence of NMD on mRNA abundance and decay rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The descriptions include detailed methods for growing yeast cells, total RNA isolation, and Nort

OBJECTIVES: It has been commonly accepted that untreated acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) results in an hourly mortality rate of 1–2% during the 1st 24 h after symptom onset. The data to support this statement rely solely on patients who have been denied surgical treatment after reaching surgical centres. The objective was to perform a total review of non-surgically treated (NST) ATAAD and p

AimsAtrial septal defects (ASDs) lead to volume-loaded right ventricles (RVs). ASD closure does not always alleviate symptoms or improve exercise capacity, which is possibly explained by impaired left ventricular (LV) haemodynamics. This study evaluated the effect of ASD closure in children using non-invasive LV pressure–volume (PV) loops derived from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and b