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Widespread losses of production and conservation values make large-scale ecosystem restoration increasingly urgent. Ecological restoration by means of biomanipulation, i.e., by fishing out planktivores to reduce the predation pressure on herbivorous zooplankton, has proved to be an effective tool in restoring degraded lakes and coastal ecosystems. Whether biomanipulation may prove a useful restora
The population dynamics of organisms living in short-lived habitats will largely depend on the turnover of habitat patches. It has been suggested that epiphytes, whose host plants can be regarded as habitat patches, often form such patch-tracking populations. However, very little is known about the long-term fate of epiphyte individuals and populations. We estimated life span and assessed environm
Cyanobacterial blooms are a worldwide phenomenon in both marine and freshwater ecosystems and are predicted to occur more frequently due to global climate change. However, our future water resources may also simultaneously suffer from other environmental threats such as elevated amounts of humic content and consequent increased water colour, a phenomenon called brownification'. In order to investi
District heating (DH) systems may contribute to reducing the use of fossil fuels for heating purposes since they enable the use of waste heat and facilitate the use of renewable energy sources. This paper focuses on the transformation of the Swedish DH systems with regard to energy supply in 1960–2011. Swedish DH production was completely dependent on oil until the late 1970s, while today it is do
The Arctic marine ecosystem contains multiple elements that present alternative states. The most obvious of which is an Arctic Ocean largely covered by an ice sheet in summer versus one largely devoid of such cover. Ecosystems under pressure typically shift between such alternative states in an abrupt, rather than smooth manner, with the level of forcing required for shifting this status termed th
This paper analyses global climate politics from the 2007 Bali Roadmap over the 2009 breakdown at COP15 to the following COP meetings with a focus on central issues and tendencies. The analysis is structured by applying the concepts of content and process as empirical and heuristic tools. This is used as the point of departure to analyse the road to Paris, where COP21 is held in 2015 with the stat
To assess how synergies between climate warming and increased concentrations of humic substances ("brownification") will affect rotifer community establishment in spring, we conducted a mesocosm experiment where we combined a 3 degrees C temperature increase with a doubling in water color, changes corresponding to modeled projections for the coming 25-75 yr. We also performed a complementary preda
A dynamic model of forest ecosystems was used to investigate the effects of climate change, atmospheric deposition and harvest intensity on 48 forest sites in Sweden (n = 16) and Switzerland (n = 32). The model was used to investigate the feasibility of deriving critical loads for nitrogen (N) deposition based on changes in plant community composition. The simulations show that climate and atmosph
The structuring of quantitative genetic variation can have a significant impact on the adaptive potential and long-term viability of species in changing landscapes. The present study of the grass Briza media investigated the relationships between patterns of heritable variation in phenotypic characters and descriptors of landscape structure, land-use history and local habitat conditions in a lands
The United States (US) and European Union (EU) both have preferential trade agreements with least developed countries with the aim of increasing trade volumes in order to catalyse development. The US implemented their system, the “African Growth and Opportunity Act” (AGOA) in 2000 and the EU followed with “Everything But Arms” (EBA) in 2001. Since these preference systems have the goal of increasi
There has been significant growth in proprietary trading in recent years and it constitutes a major part of the traded volume in the financial markets. I have analyzed differences in the volume and volatility of Standard & Poor’s 500 index, before and after the announcement of the Volcker Rule. I have also looked into how the biggest investment banks have been affected according to their marke
The urban population in developing countries was, in 2005, more than 2.3 billion people, which forms an increase by 7 times comparing to the situation in 1950. This is expected to increase even more, until it reaches 3.9 billion by 2030. A parallel urban growth results in high density cities and informal settlements and the creation of urban slums. Naturally, it is the urban poor who are not able
Movement and migration are fundamental parts of the life cycle of most organisms on Earth and occur at an astonishing range of spatial and temporal scales, from iconic pole-to-pole migrations of some birds to diel migrations of enormous amounts of millimeter-sized crustaceans through the waters of oceans and lakes. To move or not to move in a certain situation is a decision that is often taken by
Many birds species connected to the agricultural landscape have for several decades fared poorly in Sweden, as well as in Europe as a whole. This is reflected in the decline of the Farmland Bird Index, an official EU indicator for farmland birds specifically, and biodiversity in general. The Swedish Board of Agriculture invited us to propose measures that will improve the conditions for farmland b
Climate change is increasingly posing a threat to biodiversity, both through its direct effects on organisms and through indirect effects resulting from changes in land use. Preserving biodiversity is an ethical obligation, but it is also increasingly being realised that biodiversity contributes to ecosystem services, i.e. ecosystem processes important for human needs and prosperity. In order to a
This report presents the sixth version of the European Grassland Butterfly Indicator, one of the EU biodiversity indicators of the European Environment Agency.The indicator is based on more than 9200 transects in national Butterfly Monitoring Schemes covering 22 countries across Europe, most of them active in the European Union. In 2015, counts were made in more than 4500 transects.Butterflies rep
