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Förenligheten mellan ISDS-mekanismen i Artikel 26 i Energistadgefördraget (ECT) och EU rätt har länge varit föremål för diskussion inom EU. Denna diskussion har de senaste åren fått all mer uppmärksamhet, sedan EUdomstolen i mål C-284/16 Achmea dömde att ISDS-mekanismen i det bilaterala investeringsavtalet (BIT) mellan Nederländerna och Slovakien var oförenligt med EU rätten. Enligt kritikerna gårThe compatibility of the investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanism in Article 26 of the Energy Chart Treaty (ECT) with EU law has been a topic of intense discussion within the EU for a number of years. This discussion has gained traction in the light of the CJEU’s judgement in Case C-284/16 Achmea, where the Court declared that ISDS mechanism in the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) betwe

The aim of this essay is to study the key characteristics of the Bildungsroman and examine if the same traits still are in use in contemporary fiction and what values that are being mediated. The aim is also to focus on the style in which the pedagogical message is being delivered thus highlighting the possible differences and similarities between an old-fashioned Bildungsroman, Charles Dickens’ G

The conceptual shift in expectations of wireless users from voice towards multimedia, from availability towards acceptable quality, and from stand-alone towards group-oriented computing has a big impact on the needs of today's networks in terms of mobility, quality of service (QoS) support, and multicasting. Ad hoc networks can provide users with these features. However, it is necessary to develop

This study reports an aviary experiment aimed at determining what affects social dominance in the great tit (Parus major), especially why older birds (adults) in nature normally dominate younger ones (juveniles). When birds were matched with respect to age, prior residency determined dominance. Without a difference in prior residency older birds dominated younger ones. However, when juvenile birds

Purpose: In recent years, professional sports have become increasingly globalized and commercialized. This is reflected in the increased strategic application of branding across teams, athletes and other stakeholders in the sports industry to differentiate themselves, secure sponsorships, and enhance fan engagement. As athletes increasingly recognize the value of their personal brands, understandi

Traditionally, sportswashing has served as a short-hand way to criticise and accuse non-democratic countries of strategically using investments in sport, sports clubs and sports events to distract from or cover up oppressive practices. This thesis investigates sportswashing through a case study of the 2024 Paris Summer Olympics and Paralympics, aiming to assess whether a practice commonly associat

Introduction: We aimed to assess cognitive function in women with preeclampsia stratified by severity, before and after onset of disease. Material and methods: Prospective study performed at a referral hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Pregnant women between 20 and 42 weeks of gestation with eclampsia, pulmonary edema and preeclampsia without severe features, and a normotensive pregnancy were a

This paper presents a comparison of horizontal equity in health care utilization in 10 European countries and the US. It does not only extend previous work by using more recent data from a larger set of countries, but also uses new methods and presents disaggregated results by various types of care. In all countries, the lower-income groups are more intensive users of the health care system. But a

Type 1 diabetes is a complex disease characterized by the lack of endogenous insulin secreted from the pancreatic β-cells. Although β-cell targeted autoimmune processes and β-cell dysfunction are known to occur in type 1 diabetes, a complete understanding of the cell-to-cell interactions that support pancreatic function is still lacking. To characterize the pancreatic endocrine compartment, we stu

The meteoritic material falling on Earth is believed to derive from large break-up or cratering events in the asteroid belt. The flux of extraterrestrial material would then vary in accordance with the timing of such asteroid family-forming events. In order to validate this, we investigated marine sediments representing 15 time-windows in the Phanerozoic for content of micrometeoritic relict chrom

A semistructured personal interview was performed with 29 carriers of hemophilia A or B, 1-5 years after a pregnancy in which prenatal diagnosis (PND) was performed by fetal blood sampling. Fetal blood sampling by fetoscopy was significantly more often reported by the women to the more trying than expected than was ultrasound-guided heart puncture. Of 29 women 13 was classified as having experienc

To study the association between lifestyle and biological risk markers measured at one occasion, morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer, and morbidity from diabetes approximately 26 years later.