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Heterozygotes for major chromosomal rearrangements such as fusions and fissions are expected to display a high level of sterility due to problems during meiosis. However, some species, especially plants and animals with holocentric chromosomes, are known to tolerate chromosomal heterozygosity even for multiple rearrangements. Here, we studied male meiotic chromosome behavior in four hybrid generat
Vegetation responds to drought through a complex interplay of plant hydraulic mechanisms, posing challenges for model development and parameterization. We present a mathematical model that describes the dynamics of leaf water-potential over time while considering different strategies by which plant species regulate their water-potentials. The model has two parameters: the parameter λ describing th
We investigate the enrichment patterns of several delivery scenarios of the volatiles to the atmospheres of ice giants, having in mind that the only well constrained determination made remotely, namely the carbon abundance measurement, suggests that their envelopes possess highly supersolar metallicities, i.e., close to two orders of magnitude above that of the protosolar nebula. In the framework
Zone plates are diffractive optics commonly used in X-ray microscopes. Here, we present a wet-chemical approach for fabricating high aspect ratio Pd/Si zone plate optics aimed at the hard X-ray regime. A Si zone plate mold is fabricated via metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) and further metalized with Pd via electroless deposition (ELD). MACE results in vertical Si zones with high aspect ratio
Background: Since its discovery in 2007, the importance of the human gut bacterium Prevotella copri (P. copri) has been widely recognized with its links to diet and health status and potential as next generation probiotic. Therefore, precise, convenient and cost-effective diagnostic tools for the detection and quantification of P. copri from clinical and environmental samples are needed. Results:
Composite cryogels containing boronic acid ligands are synthesized for effective separation and isolation of bacteria. The large and interconnected pores in cryogels enable fast binding and release of microbial cells. To control bacterial binding, an alkyne-tagged boronic acid ligand is conjugated to azide-functionalized cryogel via the Cu(I)-catalyzed azide−alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The boro
Malfunction and amyloid formation of the Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP) are factors contributing to Type 2 diabetes. Unravelling the mechanism of IAPP aggregate formation may forward our understanding of this process and its effect on pancreatic β-islet cell. Such mechanistic studies require access to sequence homogeneous and highly pure IAPP. Here we present a new facile protocol for the produc
We analyze the problem of allocating indivisible objects and monetary compensations to a set of agents. In particular, we consider envy-free and budget-balanced rules that are least manipulable with respect to agents counting or with respect to utility gains. A key observation is that, for any profile of quasi-linear preferences, the outcome of any such least manipulable envy-free rule can be obta
This article publishes results from a study on how formal equality is “done” in 48 individual action plans for handling social assistance. We use a street-level perspective to understand how policy is ‘done’ to enhance equality for applicants of social assistance. The analysis is based on theory on street-level bureaucracy as well as concept of equality. Applicants‘ difficulties with an uncompreh
Research on sustainability transitions has expanded rapidly in the last ten years, diversified in terms of topics and geographical applications, and deepened with respect to theories and methods. This article provides an extensive review and an updated research agenda for the field, classified into nine main themes: understanding transitions; power, agency and politics; governing transitions; civi
Introduction: Several blood-based biomarkers are associated with neuronal injury, but their utility in interventional clinical trials is unclear. This study retrospectively evaluated the utility of plasma neurofilament light (NfL) and total tau (t-tau) in an 18-month trial in mild Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Correlation and conditional independence analyses and Gaussian graphical models wer
In Latin-America -as in most parts of the world- indigenous peoples are ‘the poorest of the poor, and the most excluded of the excluded’. Poverty goes hand in hand with their situation of vulnerability, exclusion and disempowerment. How can this situation be changed? How to find adequate frameworks able to facilitate the overturn of their structural disenfranchisement? Departing from the jurisprud
Two-dimensional (2D) culturing of cancer cells has been indispensable for the development of anti-cancer drugs. Drug development, however, is lengthy and costly with a high attrition rate, calling to mind that 2D culturing does not mimic the three-dimensional (3D) tumour microenvironment in vivo. Thus, began the development of 3D culture models for cancer research. We have constructed a 3D 96-well
This paper is concerned with the estimation of macroscopic properties such as the permittivity or the thermal conductivity of a composite material from the microstructure. A new method of estimating the microstructural parameters, such as the volume fraction of anisotropic two-phase composite material, is derived. The parameters are estimated using information from measurements of the random mater
