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We present a physiologically stable porcine model designed for sequential assessments of pharmacological effects on mean hemispheric cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) at sustained normocapnia. The dynamic influence of continuously administered fentanyl (0.040 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v.), nitrous oxide (70%) and pancuronium (0.30 mg.kg-1.h-1 i.v.) on these variables was
Ferrous sulphate gel dosimetry has the potential for measurement of absorbed dose distributions in proton therapy. The chemical properties of the gel are altered according to the radiation dose and these changes can be evaluated in three dimensions using MRI. The purpose of this work was to investigate the properties of a ferrous gel used with clinical proton beams. The gel was irradiated with bot
Islet function is regulated by a number of different signals. A main signal is generated by glucose, which stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion. The glucose effects are modulated by many factors, including hormones, neurotransmitters and nutrients. Several of these factors signal through guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCR). Examples of is
In as tationary stochastic process the wave-length and amplitude are defined as the difference in time and height between a crest and the following trough. The distributions of these quantities are of great practical importance, but no closed form expressions are known at present. In previous papers we have presented an approximation which gives correct upper and lower bounds, regardless of the co
We study some fundamental computational geometry problems with the goal to exploit structure in input data that is given as a sequence C = (p(1), p(2), . . . ,p(n)) of points that are "almost sorted" in the sense that the polygonal chain they define has a possibly small number, k, of self-intersections, or the chain can be partitioned into a small number, X, of simple subchains. We give results th
Background: There is an urgent need to identify subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the predementia phase, but validated diagnostic approaches are currently lacking. In this paper, we present the background, design and methods of a study, which aims to develop clinical criteria for predementia AD. We also present baseline characteristics of the subjects included. The study was part of the mu
This paper compares conditions and costs for RES-E grid connection in selected European countries. These are Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Austria, Lithuania and Slovenia. Country specific case studies are presented for wind onshore and offshore, biomass and photovoltaic power systems, as based on literature reviews and stakeholder interviews. It is shown that, especially f
Case study is a suitable research methodology for software engineering research since it studies contemporary phenomena in its natural context. However, the understanding of what constitutes a case study varies, and hence the quality of the resulting studies. This paper aims at providing an introduction to case study methodology and guidelines for researchers conducting case studies and readers st
To provide for a high QoS in a cellular network, each call should be assigned to its preferred cell and priority given to already ongoing calls. Herein, a combined speed-sensitive layer selection method and dynamic guard channel scheme, called CLARR, for use in hierarchical networks, is introduced. To reduce the complexity, partially the same speed estimation and measurement procedures are applied
Structure-property relationships of polymers incorporating Lewis acidic boron in their branched chain architecture were investigated as a function of LiClO4 salt concentration. The polymers were synthesised from boron trioxide, and different poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) and monomethyl ether end-capped PEGs. The PEG-boronate ester polymers based on PEGs having molecular weights equal to, or below,
This article proposes nonparametric inference procedures for analyzing microarray gene expression data that are reliable, robust, and simple to implement. They are conceptually transparent and require no special-purpose software. The analysis begins by normalizing gene expression data in a unique way. The resulting adjusted observations consist of gene-treatment interaction terms ( representing di
Fabrication and optical characterization of single-mode polymeric embedded waveguides are performed. A specific material combination (SU-8 2005 as core and the modified SU-8 mr-L 6050XP as cladding) is chosen in order to obtain a small refractive index difference for single-mode propagation combined with the conventional fabrication method UV lithography to facilitate the integration of different
Objective This study examines whether neighbourhood deprivation increases the risk of giving birth to a small for gestational age (SGA) infant, after accounting for individual-level maternal socioeconomic characteristics. Design An open cohort of women, aged 20-44 years, was followed from 1 January 1992 through 31 December 2004 for first singleton births. The women's residential addresses during t
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the amount of type 1 fibers are interrelated but the underlying unifying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. To explore these mechanisms we related gene expression profiles in skeletal muscle biopsies of 43 age-matched men from published datasets with VO2max and amount of type 1 fibers and replicated some of the findings in muscle biopsies from 154 young
PDGF-C is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family, which signals through PDGF receptor (PDGFR) alphaalpha and alphabeta dimers. Here we show that Pdgfc(-/-) mice die in the perinatal period owing to feeding and respiratory difficulties associated with a complete cleft of the secondary palate. This phenotype was less severe than that of Pdgfra(-/-) embryos. Pdgfc(-/-) Pdgfa(-/-
Electric and magnetic currents are essential to describe electromagnetic-stored energy, and the associated antenna Q and the partial directivity to antenna Q-ratio, D/Q, for arbitrarily shaped structures. The upper bound of previous D/Q results for antennas modelled by electric currents is accurate enough to be predictive. This motivates us to develop the analysis required to determine upper and/o
Background The complex carbohydrate composition of natural and refined plant material is not known in detail but a matter that is of both basic and applied importance. Qualitative assessment of complex samples like plant and wood tissues requires the availability of a range of specific probes. Monoclonal antibodies and naturally existing carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) have been used in the pa
Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandlings inriktar sig i huvudsak mot utveckling och tillämpning av två nyligen framtagna optiska tekniker för förbränningsstudier. Dessa tekniker kallas mid-infrared polarisationsspektroskopi (IRPS) samt degenererad fyrvågsmixning (IR-DFWM), vilka båda är baserade på infrarött ljus med en våglängd runt 3 mikrometer, samt att teknikernas signalrespons är ickelinThe work reported in this thesis involved the development and application of two novel infrared non-linear laser techniques, namely mid-infrared polarization spectroscopy (IRPS) and mid-infrared degenerate four-wave mixing (IR-DFWM) to combustion diagnostics. These two techniques meet the needs of species concentration detection in combustion environments, especially for those species lacking acce
