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This report was initiated and conducted as input to the discussions based on the “Vision 2015” document for the Nordic Swan that explicitly states a wish to find ways to make use of ecolabelling in the green public procurement (GPP) setting. In 2014, the Directive (2004/18/EG) on public procurement was revised and replaced by Directive (2014/24/EU). Some of the restrictions in using ecolabelling i
We investigate a model for buffer management of multi-class traffic into a finite shared buffer. A hierarchy of increasingly stronger linear programming relaxations for this model is proposed. The number of hierarchies equals the number of job classes. Each relaxation in the hierarchy is constructed by projecting the original achievable performance region into a polytope with fewer variables and f
Abstract in UndeterminedIn today's technology generations, e.g. 90 and 65 nm, the static power consumption becomes a major contributor to the total power consumption. This paper focuses on the arithmetic level and shows a methodology for a substantial reduction of the static power consumption. Simulations are done in a typical 130 nm technology. Based on the simulation results, the static power in
Sweden is part of a small European minority in the perceived societal gain of PPP. After a pilot PPP project in late 1990’s no additional project has been started in Sweden. Although there is interest from both public infrastructure clients and construction companies the national government has very clearly stated that infrastructure projects should be procured in a traditional way where all fundi
The ATLAS Collaboration at CERN is preparing for the data taking and analysis at the LHC that will start in 2007. Therefore, a series of Data Challenges was started in 2002 whose goals are the validation of the Computing Model, of the complete software suite, of the data model, and to ensure the correctness of the technical choices to be made for the final offline computing environment. A major fe
How do small states approach their security problems? What types of strategic instruments exist for small states, and when and why are certain strategies chosen rather than others? The security of `weak' states is problematic, demanding trade-offs in the decisions made. Using 19th century Swedish security policy as an example, it is argued here that small states, in their pursuit of security and a
Extremely large filled-aperture ground-based optical-IR telescopes, or ELTs, ranging from 20 to 100m in diameter, are now being proposed. The all-important choice of the aperture must clearly be driven by the potential science offered. We here highlight science goals from the Leiden Workshop in May 2001 suggesting that for certain critical observations the largest possible aperture - assumed to be
This paper presents a data-aided Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation algorithm targeting the Wideband OFDM systems. Utilizing 3 consecutive preambles and processing them at frequency domain, the algorithm is robust to both Frequency Independent (F-I) and Frequency Dependent (F-D) I/Q Mismatch (I/Q-M). To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed CFO estimation technique, we conduct extensiv
The TRIPS Agreement allows WTO Members to enact and apply appropriate domestic competition law to address IPR-related anti-competitive practices. However, these flexibilities in the TRIPS Agreement do not provide any specific guidance for WTO Members. The application of domestic competition law to IPR abuses in technology transfer varies a great deal between developed and developing countries, and
We present the PalCom Object Notation, a textual data representation format for communication between internet of things which support binary and textual data. The format does not require parsing of user data (or the “payload”) and is thus efficient to use also for large binary values such as digital images, audio and video as well as for short textual values. These can be mixed in the same messag
Popular Abstract in Swedish Arbetet som presenteras i denna avhandling handlar om att utveckla nya processer för att producera gasformiga biobränslen som är mer energieffektiva än de som används idag. Genom att göra processerna mer energieffektiva kan kostnaden för att producera biobränslen minskas. En lägre produktionskostnad för biobränslet gör det lättare att ersätta fossila bränslen med förnyeReplacing fossil fuels with biofuels is one way of reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, thus decreasing our impact on the global climate. For this to be a viable option, several production routes are needed, as no single option can fully replace fossil fuels. One way of making biofuels more competitive with fossil fuels is by reducing the production cost. As most of the p
In this paper, we examine how one can exploit baseline diversity of a multichannel interferometric SAR system to overcome the layover problem. The problem arises when different height contributions collapse in the same range-azimuth resolution cell, due to the presence of strong terrain slopes or discontinuities in the sensed scene. We propose a multilook approach to counteract the presence of the
