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An algorithm for the computation of mode I stress intensity factors of a square crack together with an error estimate is presented. The algorithm is based on a hypersingular integral equation. The leading singular behavior of the crack opening displacement in the corners is taken into account. The maximum value of the normalized stress intensity factor, Fmax, is estimated to Fmax=0.7534±0.0002. Pr
The latest Cyrtograptus lundgreni graptolite Chron (Late Wenlock, middle Silurian) is characterized globally by the Mulde Event faunal extinctions and glacio-eustatic sea-level change. Only in the last decade has it been recognized as one of the most severe extinction events of the Silurian Period. A section spanning the Slite Group-Halla Formation boundary on the islet Ytterholmen off main Gotlan
The Oskarshamn and Forsmark areas in the Fennoscandian Shield, SE Sweden, have been chosen as potential sites for hosting highly radioactive nuclear waste. To evaluate their respective suitability, the geological history of the bedrock in these two areas has been investigated. This study has focused on the thermal evolution, from c. 500 °C to c. 50 °C. 40Ar-39Ar geochronology on hornblende, muscov
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are important musculoskeletal diseases that the EUMUSC.NET project developed Standards of Care (SOC) for. Objective The purpose was to explore factors to enable successful implementation of the SOC for RA and OA. Methods A combined set of methods was used; a literature search, a European survey among patients, clinicians and policymakers
While the world's transport energy matrix is still strongly linked to limited and heavily polluting fossil fuels, new markets are appearing for the production and use of alternative transport fuels, such as liquid biofuels. Due to an interconnected global economy, such markets today are developing oil a global scale with actors looking to meet local as well as potential international demand. The a
We give a simpler proof of the formula, due to J.-L. Lions, for the reproducing kernel of the space of harmonic functions on a domain Omegasubset ofR(n) whose boundary values belong to the Sobolev space H-s(partial derivativeOmega), and also obtain generalizations of this formula when instead of harmonic functions one considers functions annihilated by a given elliptic partial differential operato
The aim of this study was to estimate costs of treating venous leg ulcers in Sweden and the United Kingdom during 1 year and to quantify costs in different health states, The costs of treating four different types of venous leg ulcers were estimated for 52 weeks by a stochastic health economic model, which simulated resource use data obtained from prospectively collected patient data, expert panel
Hypothesis: En bloc esophagectomy (EBE) provides improved survival over transhiatal esophagectomy (THE) in patients with similarly sized transmural tumors (T3) and lymph node metastases (N1). Design: A retrospective case-control study of 2 methods of esophageal resection for cancer. Setting: University hospital (tertiary referral center for esophageal disease). Patients: There were 49 patients (27
Aims: This study investigates the risk of small for gestational age (SGA) in relation to country of origin of the mother. The role of psychosocial resources, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors was examined in different causal models. Methods: Among all pregnant nulliparous women in the city of Malmo¨ , Sweden, who gave birth in 1991 – 92, 872 (87.7%) women completed a questionnaire during their f
In order to reduce the total enzyme consumption in high-solids static hydrolysis of nonwashed steam-exploded willow Salix caprea by mixed cellulase of Trichoderma reesei + Aspergillus foetidus, two different approaches were proposed. In the first case, the enzyme activity adsorbed on residual solids after extended hydrolysis was used for hydrolysis of the newly added substrate. The initial mixing
A new criterion is applied for characterization of the kinetic design of enzymes that should be favoured by a selective pressure in the direction of increased metabolic reaction flux. According to this criterion, the selectively favoured state of a metabolic sequence of enzyme reactions conforming to Michaelis-Menten kinetics is identical with the uniform one which is known to optimize reaction fl
It is shown that the numbers of high level crossings by p dependent stationary Gaussian processes have asymptotically independent Poisson distributions if the observation interval and the height of the level increase in a coordinated way. The processes may be highly correlated, even linearly dependent.
A simple assay was developed to estimate functional mannose-binding lectin (MBL) levels in serum based on the principle of yeast-induced bystander lysis of chicken erythrocytes (ChE). The assay is sensitive to inhibition by ethylene glycol bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) (which allows alternative pathway activation), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), mannose,
In this paper we present a precise and reliable measurement of the 1s(2)2p P-2(3/2) lifetime for Li-like Ni. The measurement was done using the technique of beam-foil spectroscopy employing a beam of 5.9 MeV/u Ni from the UNILAC accelerator at GSI. Special attention was taken concerning satellite blending and foil-ageing problems to justify the reliability of the lifetime value extracted from the
This work introduces a novel analytical method for the detection and study of GAD65 autoantibodies, which have been implicated in the onset of type 1 diabetes. There is a clinical need for a rapid and automated assay for GAD65 autoantibodies. Therefore, this method was designed to exploit the advantages of bead injection (BI) analysis for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). BI ELISA is a m
