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This theoretical paper adopts a procedural perspective to identify the challenges associated with the implementation of the full scope of approaches to circular public procurement (CPP). We contend that beyond considering CPP from a substantive standpoint (i.e. the procurement affects outside of the organization), adopting a procedural perspective (i.e. the procurement affects inside an organizati
Introduction: Rimegepant is an oral small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist approved in several countries for acute treatment of migraine and preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults. This review summarizes the evidence, published to date, for the use of rimegepant as an acute or preventive treatment of migraine. Areas covered: A brief overview of migraine, th
Recently, the incentive structure facing doctoral students and researchers in economics has changed significantly in many European countries as a result of the adoption of the US approach to evaluating research output. This poses a threat to the development and position of the subject of economics in Europe since evaluation for promotion is characterised by an excessive focus on publishing in the
Considering the Islamic perspective on forced migration and displacement, along with the conceptual framework of Islamic social welfare instruments as tools for wealth redistribution to support those in need, this study explores the potential complementarity between Islamic and conventional financing in addressing refugees' basic needs and economic empowerment. Specifically, this research examines
The search for drugs that modulate NMDA receptors has been very active in the latest decades since they play a pivotal role in neuronal death and in several neurological conditions, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. Activating the receptor evokes an entry of calcium into the neuron, thus leading to a rapid depolarization that can be measured using electrophy
In February, 2020, the European Commission published a white paper on artificial intelligence (AI) as well as an accompanying communication and report. The paper sets out policy options to facilitate a secure and trustworthy development of AI and considers health to be one of its most important areas of application. We illustrate that the European Commission's approach, as applied to medical AI, p
This chapter presents the theory of ecologically unequal exchange (EUE). The theory explains asymmetric transfers of non-monetary, biophysical resources and environmental harms between different countries or regions. The chapter provides a cursory review of the literature on methods for empirically identifying such asymmetries and testing hypotheses derived from the theory. To identify EUE require
Nano-ceramic particles can serve as reinforcing agents for metallic materials to improve their mechanical properties. However, it is important to ensure chemical compatibility between the matrix and particles. In the present study, magnesium composites with and without nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) particles were fabricated for bone reconstruction applications. Two different techniques were used, Conv
For all involved in astronomy, the importance of monitoring and determining astrophysical magnetic-field strengths is clear. It is also a well-known fact that the corona magnetic fields play an important part in the origin of solar flares and the variations of space weather. However, after many years of solar corona studies, there is still no direct and continuous way to measure and monitor the so
A microcalorimetric vessel for monitoring the initial phases of cytotoxic reactions in the micro-submicrowatt region has been designed and tested. The vessel is intended to be used witha multichannel microcalorimetric system from Thermometric, Järfälla, Sweden and can be built up stepwise in a modular way. The different functions of perfusion, stirring and addition of small amounts of soluble immu
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Overview). The objectives are as follows:. The aim of this study is to evaluate the benefits and harms of different interventions used in the management of TTN of the newborn.
We discuss γ∗γ∗ → ηc(1S), ηc(2S) transition form factors for both virtual photons. The general formula is given. We use different models for the cc¯ wave function obtained from the solution of the Schrödinger equation for different cc¯ potentials: harmonic oscillator, Cornell, logarithmic, power-law, Coulomb and Buchmüller-Tye. We showed some examples of wave functions in the Light Front represent
Purpose: Comorbidity indices are often used to measure comorbidities in register-based research. We aimed to adapt the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) to a Swedish setting. Methods: Four versions of the CCI were compared and evaluated by disease-specific experts. Results: We created a cohesive coding system for CCI to 1) harmonize the content between different international classification of dise
We investigate robustness properties of the Generalized Proportional Allocation (GPA) policy that has been recently proposed for traffic signal control in urban networks. The GPA policy is fully decentralized, relies only on local information on the current congestion state, and requires no knowledge of the routing, the exogenous inflows, or the network structure. In previous work, we proved throu
In this paper, we perform a belief propagation (BP) decoding threshold analysis of spatially coupled (SC) turbo-like codes (TCs) (SC-TCs) on the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. We review Monte-Carlo density evolution (MC-DE) and efficient prediction methods, which determine the BP thresholds of SC-TCs over the AWGN channel. We demonstrate that instead of performing time-consuming MC-
