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This paper gives a brief summary of computational methods in heat transfer equipment, i.e., CFD (computational fluid dynamics) methods for thermal problems, and turbulence modeling for single phase applications in the design, research and development of heat exchangers. Some examples for real heat exchangers are shown to demonstrate how CFD methods can be used as R & D tools. Nevertheless, lim

Reichenbach’s constraint is the methodological imperative formulated by Reichenbach in the following passage: “If we want to construct a philosophy of science, we have to distinguish carefully between two kinds of context in which scientific theories may be considered. The context of discovery is to be separated from the context of justification; the former belongs to the psychology of scient

A key policy question is whether continued expansion of university education is beneficial for the marginally eligible student. In this paper we exploit an arbitrary university eligibility rule combined with regression discontinuity design to estimate the causal effect of university attendance on healthcare utilization amongst young adults in Sweden. We find that the eligibility rule leads to a cl

Studies on cultural evolution from archaeology, neuroscience and cognitive semiotics have shown the role of tool making for development of novel cognitive capabilities in early humans. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that tool making was a cognitive threshold from nonhuman primates to hominins. Tool making begun with rudimentary skills for tool production based on motor patterns, learned soc

Malafouris (2013) proposes that agency is an emergent product of the relational ontology of our material engagement. However, I suggest a distinction between meaning and agency for a better understanding of our relational ontology with things. Meaning is the payoff of the relational ontology, meaning emerges when an agent act within the world. Agency is the capability to act, signify, produce and

The performance of HVAC equipment, including chillers, is continuing to be pushed to theoretical limits, which impacts the necessity for advanced control logic to operate them efficiently and robustly. At the same time, their architectures are becoming more complex; many systems have multiple compressors, expansion devices, evaporators, circuits, or other elements that challenge control design and

Concerns have been raised regarding a potentially increased risk of cancer associated with treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. Here, we explored whether fasting and oral glucose tolerance test post-challenge glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and GLP-1 levels were associated with incident first cancer. Within the cardiovascular re-examination arm of the po

Older women make a significant contribution to the labour market yet still experiencenegative workplace impacts. We undertook a rapid review of literature to assess theexperiences of older female workers in the European labour market with the aim toidentify current research gaps. We discuss how current data and future research couldbe utilized to improve the working lives of older women in Europe.

Background: A palliative cancer diagnosis in a parent has a major impact on many aspects of their children’s lives. Studies show that professionals in the oncological field do not seem to offer relatives, in general, much attention. Aim: to explore how doctors and social workers handle children of cancer patients in order to understand the possibilities and difficulties in supporting children in s

This chapter focuses on taxation in Africa since 1900. Using existing data and insights from the literature, the chapter documents taxes collected by colonial and post-colonial states, exploring what was taxed, the types of taxes, the tax revenue patterns and the socio-political contexts shaping taxation policies. It begins by discussing the fundamental principles of taxation and forms of direct a