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Oligonucleotides are short fragments of RNA or DNA that can act as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in medicines used to target a wide range of diseases, with further applications continuously emerging. Solid Phase Oligonucleotide Synthesis (SPOS) remains the dominant platform for oligonucleotide production. However, SPOS is characterized by high reagent consumption and a poor sustainabilit
The chirality-flow formalism has been proven to simplify the calculation of helicity amplitudes, both analytically and in a first numerical implementation developed as an extension of MadGraph5_aMC@NLO. Expanding on this work, two new implementations have been developed. The first provides an alternative algorithm for the evaluation of diagrams, where helicity amplitudes are obtained by combining
The EU procured for roughly 202000 MEUR (14% of the EU GDP) during 2021 in the public sector. The majority of these contracts are traditional, linear business model purchases. The EU has been developing several strategies, guidelines, and policies for sustainable purchasing, with Circular Public Procurement for a Circular Economy (CE) being one of them, but the implementation rate is low. Electron
The growing importance of organisations becoming more sustainable has reached a crucial point. To aid the journey of becoming more sustainable information systems and specifically business intelligence is an appropriate solution to help manage and measure sustainable development. However previous research suggests the use of business intelligence in the context of sustainability is not as prevalen
Palmers Green is a faltering neighbourhood; a place that continually settles on temporary fixes, such as shop changes that suit only select groups, coupled with an absence of communal facilities or activities. The result is a lack of overarching sense of community - perhaps a natural manifestation of the co-presence of multiple diverse cultures. But does it have to be this way? A more engaged comm
Finding vulnerabilities in open source software is an important part of software security. Software security is in turn a vital part in risk management and making risk assessments. The purpose of this thesis is to help organisations make decisions about vulnerabilities they have in their software programs by helping them make their own risk assessment. Our research uses the Common Vulnerability Sc
The increased use of plastics has become an environmental problem where plastics, due to the slow degradation, accumulate in the oceans and landfills. Although plastics are a very cheap and useful material with desirable properties and a wide variety of applications, they are primarily made from petroleum-based resources which are non-renewable and of fossil origin. An alternative to these non-ren
The Internet of Things is coming. With it comes security challenges not present on common, more capable, devices such as desktop computers or servers. We argue that traditional channel security needs to be complemented with object security to cope with the constrained nature of small devices and Low Power Lossy Networks. The main reason for a partial transition to object security being heavy use o
This thesis mainly focuses on the protection strategies of microgrids for the Swedish power system in the medium voltage distribution system and specifically on the three-phase fault and earth faults protection strategies. For the analysis of both faults, different grid-connected, and islanding operations are simulated using DIgSILENT Power Factory. The simulation shows that using a distance prote
Background TitanX Engine Cooling is a global supplier of powertrain cooling solutions to commercial vehicles, both for OEMs and the independent aftermarket. The company with annual sales of over 1.6 billion SEK (US$ 192 million) has some 800 employees worldwide. TitanX is headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden and has manufacturing sites in Sweden, USA, Brazil, China and Mexico. Its manufacturing fac
Background TitanX Engine Cooling is a global supplier of powertrain cooling solutions to commercial vehicles, both for OEMs and the independent aftermarket. The company with annual sales of over 1.6 billion SEK (US$ 192 million) has some 800 employees worldwide. TitanX is headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden and has manufacturing sites in Sweden, USA, Brazil, China and Mexico. Its manufacturing fac
Society faces multiple and interconnected crises that require transformation. Education has long been theorized as key to transformation, yet an important driver of transformation, imagination, is marginalised within pedagogical approaches to sustainability. This thesis examines Beyond the Fossil Era (BFE), a pedagogy that invites learners to become co-creators of a speculative museum looking back
The violation of baryon number, B, is a vital component of a process promoting the excess of matter over antimatter, as it is necessary to explain the baryon imbalance observed in the universe. Since experimental evidence for such an occurrence has yet to be discovered, the HIBEAM-NNBAR experiment, at the European Spallation Source facility, is a proposed two-stage program aimed at expanding the c
This thesis proposes a new architectural approach for elderly housing in Selfoss, a town located approximately 45-50 minutes from Reykjavík. It is experiencing increased housing demand due to its growth as a service and commuter hub. Rather than directly adopting common local apartment typologies, the project reconsiders their form, spatial qualities, and relationship to the site, aiming to meet t
This master thesis aims to improve the physical design of smart ear tags for animals. The focus was to minimize the risk of tags falling off or causing harm, while considering environmental and animal welfare aspects. The project followed the methodology of Ulrich & Eppinger’s product development process, which included stages such as planning, concept development, and testing. Data collectio
Background Companies producing premium products with high quality and long product life can experience challenges when trying to penetrate price-sensitive customer segments on emerging markets due to a high product price. One way to achieve growth in these segments is to introduce new innovative business models. From the theory of circular economy, a concept combining sustainable and economi
The purpose of this thesis is to find out whether or not the Estonian stock market is developed enough for introduction of a market for standardized options on index and stocks. This will be conducted through comparing the stock market development in Estonia today with the corresponding situation in Denmark, Hungary and Norway at the time of their introduction of trade in standardized options. Our
BACKGROUND: The advent of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has revolutionized lung cancer treatment, necessitating accurate PD-L1 immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment. While standardized for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) histological samples, PD-L1 testing on cytology remains challenging. This review aims to address the complexities of PD-L1 IHC in cytology, focusing on validation guidelines, quali
We study the Pauli operator in a 2-dimensional, connected domain with Neumann or Robin boundary condition. We prove a sharp lower bound on the number of negative eigenvalues reminiscent of the Aharonov-Casher formula. We apply this lower bound to obtain a new formula on the number of eigenvalues of the magnetic Neumann Laplacian in the semiclassical limit. Our approach relies on reduction to a bou
