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The aim of this study was to determine the threshold of fracture probability at which interventions became cost-effective in women based on data from the UK. We modelled the effects of an intervention costing pound350 per year given for 5 years that decreased the risk of all osteoporotic fractures by 35% followed by a waning of effect (offset time) for a further 5 years. Sensitivity analyses inclu
Carbon fiber microelectrodes, able to detect catecholamine release from single cells, have significantly contributed to our present understanding of the mechanism of secretory neurotransmission. In spite of their obvious advantages, there are only a few amperometric sensors (characterized by appropriate size, sensitivity, and selectivity) able to measure the release of other (not easily oxidizable
This book is the first in almost 40 years to provide a comprehensive scientific overview of research in the field of parapsychology, explaining what we know and don’t know about so-called psi phenomena, such as “telepathy,” “precognition” or “psychokinesis.” Contributors evaluate the evidence for these phenomena, accounting for factors such as selective memory, wish fulfillment and incorrect metho
A simple model for the gluon structure function at small x is presented, which gives an intuitive picture of the transition between the DGLAP and BFKL regimes
The aim of this chapter is to provide researchers with a tool kit of semi-experimental and experimental techniques for studying code-switching. It presents an overview of the current off-line and on-line research techniques, ranging from analyses of published bilingual texts of spontaneous conversations, to tightly controlled experiments. A multi-task approach used for studying code-switched sente
We discuss the point spread function for the Spectro instrument based on realistic effects of the time delayed integration, transverse image motion and pixelization, but assuming rather small wave front errors. Stars brighter than 10 mag, which will saturate the CCD, may be observed photometrically using the image wings, but the central wavelengths will be slightly shifted towards the red.
The BEAST-APP decoding algorithm is a low-complexity bidirectional algorithm that searches code trees to find the list of the most likely codewords, which are used to compute approximate a posteriori probabilities (APPs) of the transmitted symbols. It can be applied to APP-decoding of any linear block code, as well as in iterative structures for decoding concatenated block codes. Previous work has
Background: Currently, there are between 300,000 and 500,000 childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) in Europe. A significant proportion is at high risk, and at least 60% of them develop adverse health-related outcomes that can appear several years after treatment completion. Many survivors are unaware of their personal risk, and there seems to be a general lack of information among healthcare providers
Many biological processes are influenced by the mechanical rigidity of surrounding tissues. Now, a combination of experiments and mathematical modelling has been used to describe the precise molecular and physical mechanism by which cells sense and respond to the mechanical properties of their extracellular environment through integrin-based adhesions.
In this paper, we describe how we generate Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs) for the automation block language Bloqqi. This allows Bloqqi control programs to be tested with simulations of the physical processes they control. The physical process can be specified in any tool that supports the Functional Mockup-Interface (FMI) standard. For example, we have successfully run Bloqqi programs together wi
In the era of large-scale surveys of stars in the MilkyWay, stellar ages are crucial for studying the evolution of the Galaxy.But determining ages of field stars is notoriously difficult; therefore, we attempt to determine benchmark ages for the extensively studied Gaia benchmark stars which can be used for validation purposes. By searching the literature for age estimates from different methods a
Klimatavtryck från Sveriges och världens rikaste har ökat stadigt sedan 90-talet. Samtidigt har de med lägst inkomst minskat sina utsläpp. Nu undersöker forskare om begränsningar för superrika kan bidra till minskade utsläpp. Utopi eller frihetskränkande?
We present the development of a new colour reconnection model in Pythia where the full spacetime separation between partons constrains the reconnection probability throughout the final-state radiative shower. Building upon previous ideas of a perturbative dipole-based model, our objective is to introduce realistic spatially-based colour reconnections within the Angantyr model for heavy-ion collisi
Industrial dairy membrane processes require frequent cleaning due to hygienic and regulatory demands and lowered efficiency, caused by fouling. This decreases the membrane life cycle and consumes large volumes of rinsing water and cleaning solution. Therefore, the aim of this project is to increase the understanding of membrane fouling and cleaning and to apply this knowledge to develop more ene
Most scientific instruments currently discard rich streams of commands, data and metadata from which AI systems could learn to conduct experiments with expert-level decision-making and troubleshooting skills. Recording and using this data at scale requires rethinking what data to store, incentivizing large-scale cooperation, and determining how to quantify the reliability of such autonomous system
OBJECTIVES: This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of acupuncture for the treatment of infantile colic.
