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The pre-industrial millennium is among the periods selected by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP) for experiments contributing to the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and the fourth phase of the PMIP (PMIP4). The past1000 transient simulations serve to investigate the response to (mainly) natural forcing under background conditions not too differe

Peatlands store substantial amounts of carbon and are vulnerable to climate change. We present a modified version of the Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems (ORCHIDEE) land surface model for simulating the hydrology, surface energy, and CO2 fluxes of peatlands on daily to annual timescales. The model includes a separate soil tile in each 0.5° grid cell, defined from a global peat

AimTo reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of European fire activity during the Holocene and to explore their potential drivers, by relating biomass burning to simulated biotic and abiotic parameters. LocationEurope. MethodsHolocene fire activity was investigated based on 156 sedimentary charcoal records from lakes and peat bogs across Europe. Charcoal data covering the last 9000 years were s

Resolving the spatial and temporal dynamics of gross primary productivity (GPP) of terrestrial ecosystems across different scales remains a challenge. Remote sensing is regarded as the solution to upscale point observations conducted at the ecosystem level, using the eddy covariance (EC) technique, to the landscape and global levels. In addition to traditional vegetation indices, the photochemical

A search for the associated production of the Higgs boson with a top quark pair is performed in multilepton final states using 20.3 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at root s = 8 TeVat the Large Hadron Collider. Five final states, targeting the decays H -> WW*, tau tau, and ZZ*, are examined for the presence of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson: two same-ch

High and low pollen deposition years in the period 1998-2010 were recorded for ten forest-forming trees in Roztocze (SE Poland) using Tauber-style traps. The coincidence of very high/low pollen deposition years recorded in Tauber traps and aerobiological data obtained by volumetric samplers shows that these phenomena occur simultaneously in different places across vast areas of a tree's distributi

A search for the Standard Model Higgs boson has been performed in the H -> WW -> lvjj channel using 4.7 fb(-1) of pp collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy of root s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Higgs boson candidates produced in association with zero, one or two jets are included in the analysis to maximize the acceptance for both gluon fusion and weak

Methane (CH4) fluxes 1997-2010 were studied by combining remotely sensed normalised difference water index (NDWI) with in situ CH4 fluxes from Rylekaerene, a high-Arctic wet tundra ecosystem in the Zackenberg valley, north-eastern Greenland. In situ CH4 fluxes were measured using the closed-chamber technique. Regression models between in situ CH4 fluxes and environmental variables [soil temperatur

This thesis analyzes blood diamonds and the human rights issues surrounding them. The problems they pose and the promises and limitations of the Kimberly Process are covered along with the development and future impact of man-made diamonds on the demand side of the blood diamond problem. There are two main sections--the first covers blood diamonds and the second man-made diamonds. The introduction

Most counterfeit goods are luxury goods bearing a well-known trademark. The counterfeit goods also can be protected by copyright/design protection. WIPO Intellectual Property Handbook: Policy, Law and Use (WIPO 2004, second edition) A counterfeit trademark is defined in Article 51 of the TRIPS as the following: &quot&semicCounterfeit trademark goods shall mean any goods, including packagin

Nitrogen (N) cycle dynamics and N deposition play an important role in determining the terrestrial biosphere's carbon (C) balance. We assess global and biome-specific N deposition effects on C sequestration rates with the dynamic global vegetation model LPJ-GUESS. Modeled CN interactions are evaluated by comparing predictions of the C and CN version of the model with direct observations of C fluxe

Although much attention in recent years has been devoted to methane (CH4) emissions from northern wetlands, measurement based data sets providing full annual budgets are still limited in number. This study was designed to help fill the gap of year-round measurements of CH4 emissions from subarctic mires. We report continuous eddy correlation CH4 flux measurements made during 2006 and 2007 over the

We present an evaluation of a nested high-resolution Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)-Chem chemistry transport model simulation of tropospheric chemistry over tropical South America. The model has been constrained with two isoprene emission inventories: (1) the canopy-scale Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN) and (2) a leaf-scale algorithm coupled to the Lund-Potsdam-

Accurate, high-resolution global land use and land cover (LULC) mapping is crucial for environmental monitoring, but remains challenging when relying solely on multispectral data. Most existing global LULC mapping studies rely exclusively on multispectral observations, and even those that incorporate synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data often fail to fully exploit the information it provides. SAR p

The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma has increased during the last decades in Sweden as in many other countries. Besides of ultraviolet radiation and constitutional factors such as light-sensitive skin and poor ability to tan few risk factors are established. Some studies indicate that electromagnetic fields might be of concern. In this case-control study we assessed use of mobile and cor