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Although the Chinese government claims respect of human rights, it seems that the official Chinese conception of these rights is not only different from but also challenges the dominant international conception - this Chinese challenge of the international human rights regime constitutes the problem area of this thesis. Using a Laclau and Mouffe inspired discourse analysis strategy to deconstruct
This paper examines the increasing use of bilateral investment treaties as instruments of foreign investment protection. The outcomes of treaty arbitrations are analysed to assess the extent to which treaties limit the economic policy choices available to host states. The disputes are also analysed to determine how such treaties may affect the development of legal institutions and the general appl
The aim of this study is two folded. We wish to investigate if there is a value premium from hedging jet fuel exposure for American and European airlines. We also seek to answer if airlines can affect their probability to default by using Risk Management. During the period 2003 – 2006 there existed a value premium for airlines that hedged their expected future consumption of jet fuel. This premium
Whether executed as full-scale war or acts short of war, acts of aggression have consistently shaped the history of humankind. Acts of aggression would not occur if it were not for the involvement of individuals. The historical development of aggression in international law has seen a shift from a regime solely focusing on the unlawfulness of the action by States, to include the unlawfulness of th
Public participation in environmental decision-making has been increasingly recognised in national, regional and international law in the last decades. In parallel, the World Bank - an inter-state development bank and international organisation - has developed a set of safeguard policies including provisions on public participation in environmental decision-making. Public participation is about re
This paper develops a theoretical approach towards understanding treaty opt-outs from EU common policies by drawing on Putnam’s Two-Level Games theory. In doing so, the paper first presents treaty opt-outs as defections from negotiations by looking at previous research regarding opt-outs. Then, the paper goes on to concentrate on different European integration theories in order to explain their sh
Thesis Purpose: This thesis investigates users of crowdfunding platforms in order to further the insight into understanding what affects their motives and behaviour. The relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation as well as peer influence is investigated. Theoretical Perspective: This study is grounded on the limited theories surrounding crowdfunding and crowdsourcing, as well as rele
This thesis is about the licensing system of the Creative Commons discussed from the perspective of the theory of the commons mostly as formulated by Elinor Ostrom. The work is started by describing the concepts and theory of common pool resources and regime of the commons for production and distribution of these resources. The main characteristics for successful traditional commons – efficiency,
Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Conodonterna var en framgångsrik och diversifierad marin djurgrupp som levde från ungefär mellankambrium (~ 500 Ma) till slutet av trias (200 Ma). Från ett fåtal bevarade avtryck vet man att djuren var långsmala, endast några cm långa och hade fenor. Avtrycken är svårtolkade, men mycket tyder på att conodonterna var förhållandevis avancerade och kanske till och Elements from the Ordovician conodont genus Protopanderodus Lindström, 1971 have been investigated to provide a model of reconstruction of the oral apparatus of this genus. In total, 4202 elements from the only five species representing Protopanderodus in the Swedish Middle Ordovician conodont fauna were included in the study. Four of the species, P. rectus, P. robustus, P. graeai and P. parvibasi
The proportion of meals the Europeans eat outside their home steadily increases. We take coffee breaks at work, eat lunch in the office canteen, we order take-away, we go to cafés or pubs to spend time with our friends, we easily grab a snack in vending machines and we eat on airplanes and trains to just mention a few examples. Eating out is nowadays more of an everyday activity than a luxury even
Adoption of ECMR 4064/89 filled a lacuna in European Merger Control. One of the key objectives behind the ECMR is to prevent a concentration leading to the creation or strengthening of a dominant position which may lead to the prohibition in Article 2 (3).The Commission of the European Communities gained some significant powers in order to protect the competitive structure of Common Market. But, A
Energy security is revealed to be one of the most urgent issues for the Ukraine and the key driver for the diversification of its energy sources. The country is shown to have significant potentials for renewable energy sources, and specifically for biomass. The development of bioenergy options is believed to help the Ukraine combat its energy security problem and bring a number of economic, social
Background The fundamental problem with the pavement marking letter design is dealing with the phenomenon of image distortion by perspective. Because there has been a lack of a systematic way to deal with the problem on Korean pavement marking letters, the outputs have been determined by the installer's subjective design judgement. Ultimately, this causes low legibility. The purpose of this study
The paper explores what the methodological considerations are for a study of educational practice and networked learning in technologically dense classrooms. The approach of the discussed study is informed by Actor-Network Theory (ANT) (Latour, 2005) and the paper outlines the methodological consequences for adopting principles associated with ANT and post-humanist critiques of representational ep
Transitioning towards a circular economy, where the existing building stock is more efficiently used, would significantly reduce material and energy use, emissions, and waste from the built environment sector. This study focuses on exploring what conditions are needed for circularity by imagining preferable circular futures for a 2035 timeframe and understanding the required actions to achieve the
Background: The international multi-center randomized controlled STEPCARE-trial will investigate optimal management of sedation, temperature, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during intensive care in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients due to various etiologies. The primary outcome is mortality at 6 months. This protocol describes an extended follow-up sub-study of the STEPCARE-trial wi
