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Interactive AI systems - large language models, conversational agents, and chatbots - are rapidly becoming primary interfaces through which citizens access and evaluate political information. Developed and governed largely by private corporations, these systems do not merely distribute content: they shape opinion formation through sustained, adaptive, and personalised dialogue, relocating politica
In this paper we review the physics opportunities at linear e+e− colliders with a special focus on high centre-of-mass energies and beam polarisation, take a fresh look at the various accelerator technologies available or under development and, for the first time, discuss how a facility first equipped with a technology that is mature today could be upgraded with technologies of tomorrow to reach m
The structures of sexual networks are essential for understanding the dynamics of sexually transmitted infections. Standard epidemiological models largely disregard the complex patterns of intimate contacts. Social network analysis offers important insight into how to conceptualize and model social interaction and has the potential to greatly enhance the understanding of disease epidemics. (C) 200
Sphere decoders can approach the performance of maximum-likelihood (ML) decoders for MIMO systems with lower complexity. In this paper, VLSI architecture of the modified K-best Schnorr-Euchner (MKSE) sphere decoder is proposed for soft-output MIMO decoding. The MKSE decoder can achieve near-ML performance with higher decoding throughput and lower computational complexity. The proposed VLSI archite
Next generation wireless systems have to be able to efficiently deal with fast fading environments in order to achieve high spectral efficiency. Using multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems and exploiting receive diversity, their spectral efficiency can be greatly increased. Commonly, the channel is estimated via training symbols, before the data detection is carried out based on the previo
The physical bounds for antennas above a ground plane is analyzed in this paper. Optimal antenna G/Q ratio and Q factor are calculated using convex optimization from stored electric and magnetic energy matrices, obtained from a method of moments solver. Physical bounds for a patch antenna with different heights above a ground plane are investigated. Results are verified using commercially availabl
An explanation is given for the paradoxical fact that, at low signal-to-noise ratios, the systematic feedback encoder results in fewer decoding bit errors than does a nonsystematic feedforward encoder for the same code. The analysis identifies a new code property, the d-distance weight density of the code. For a given d-distance weight density, the decoding bit error probability depends on the num
The importance of social circumstances for middle-age women’s general subjective well-being (SWB) was investigated in a representative sample of Swedish women, age 43 (N = 369). The results showed non-existent to moderate relationships between a number of social circumstances variables and general SWB. The strongest relationship was found between marital status and global life satisfaction. Being
