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The standard of care is a legal and professional notion against which doctors and other medical personnel are held liable. The standard of care changes as new scientific findings and technological innovations within medicine, pharmacology, nursing and public health are developed and adopted. This study consists of four parts. Part 1 describes the problem and gives concrete examples of its occurren
Introduction Radionuclide therapy has distinct similarities to, but also profound differences from external radiotherapy. Review This review discusses techniques and results of previously developed dosimetry methods in thyroid carcinoma, neuro-endocrine tumours, solid tumours and lymphoma. In each case, emphasis is placed on the level of evidence and practical applicability. Although dosimetry has
This document was prepared as part of the briefing material for the Workshop of the CERN Council Strategy Group, held in DESY Zeuthen from 2nd to 6th May 2006. It gives an overview of the physics issues and of the technological challenges that will shape the future of the field, and incorporates material presented and discussed during the Symposium on the European Strategy for Particle Physics, he
Asthma is a highly prevalent condition across Europe and numerous guidelines have been developed to optimise management. However, asthma can be neither cured nor prevented, treatment choices are limited and many patients have poorly controlled or uncontrolled asthma. The Brussels Declaration on Asthma, sponsored by The Asthma, Allergy and Inflammation Research Charity, was developed to call attent
This paper supplements a previous review of the Perrin process for steelmaking with the same focus on its principles, technology and economics. Metallurgically, Perrin's idea of emulsification as a means of achieving rapid reaction also applies to the production of ferro-alloys. However, the larger proportion of the amount of slag in relation to that of metal makes it necessary to use other proced
Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to modify its phenotypic characteristics in response to different environments. Theory predicts that adaptive plasticity should primarily evolve in organisms that experience heterogeneous environments. An organism's dispersal rate is a key component in these models, because the degree of dispersal partly determines the extent of environmental hete
We propose a formalism for calculating analytic derivatives of the electronic energy with respect to nuclear coordinates using Cholesky decomposition of the two-electron integrals. The formalism is derived by exploiting the equivalence of Cholesky decomposition and density fitting when a suitable auxiliary basis set is used for expanding atomic orbital product densities in the latter. An implement
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess whether: antibiotics - compared to placebo or no intervention - are effective and safe in the management of infants with a suspected diagnosis of transient tachypnea of the newborn; it is safe to withhold exposure to antibiotics for infants with a diagnosis of transient tachypnea of the newborn. We wi
The finance literature offers ambiguous predictions about the impact of lending relationships on the share retained by lead arrangers in syndicated loans. While some literature indicates that lending relationships can help to alleviate post contractual agency conflicts, others imply that relationship lead arrangers may use their information advantage to exploit syndicate participants. Using syndic
A focus on misrecognition allows us to move between levels of analysis in a holistic fashion. If misrecognition works through the conscious and the unconscious we can account for the many overlapping insecurities and securities believed to exist at the individual, group, or state level – and thus felt. These insecurities also present themselves through the categories used to describe them and the
This article examines the ever-actual desire to visualise and materialise thought-images in a historical perspective. The interest for research into thought imagery,and of visual proof production of thoughts, coincided with the invention of the camera and culminated somewhere around 1900. Together with other scientific circumstances that appeared up to 1900, such as the experimental psychology mod
Rotterdamreglerna är en FN konvention med namnet: Förenta Nationernas konvention om avtal om internationell transport av gods helt eller delvis till sjöss. Bakom denna långa titel döljer sig det senaste försöket att reformera och harmonisera lagstiftning som reglerar godsbefordran till sjöss. Rotterdamreglerna blev underskrivna av ett antal länder 2009 i Rotterdam och kommer träda ikraft ifall de The Rotterdam Rules is a UN Convention with the name: United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea. Behind this long title hides the latest attempt to reform and harmonise the law governing carriage of goods by sea. The Rotterdam Rules were signed by a number of countries in 2009 in Rotterdam and will enter into force if they receive accept
Rapid and deep energy system decarbonisation is essential to a safe future. Thermal energy storage may hold the key to significant carbon reduction of the heating, cooling and electricity sectors, but the UK remains largely locked in to a fossil-fuel based heating regime. Global urbanisation trends mean cities are crucial to the net-zero transition. This thesis provides a sociotechnical analysis o
“Right to repair” (R2R) has become an important policy objective in European Union (EU) policy and law. The main objective of R2R is to remove barriers that inhibit consumers from repairing the products they own. The EU has made use of different regulatory frameworks to enforce R2R, most notably product regulation to induce design changes and ensure that spare parts and software updates are availa
Males of sapphirinid copepods use regularly alternating layers of hexagonal-shaped guanine crystals and cytoplasm to produce spectacular structural colors. In order to understand the mechanism by which the different colors are produced, we measured the reflectance of live individuals and then characterized the organization of the crystals and the cytoplasm layers in the same individuals using cryo
We present a numerical scheme for the solution of the initial-value problem for the “bad” Boussinesq equation. The accuracy of the scheme is tested by comparison with exact soliton solutions as well as with recently obtained asymptotic formulas for the solution.
