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Background: Integrating and scaling up tuberculosis (TB) and HIV services are essential strategies to achieve the combined goals ending both TB and HIV, especially in TB and HIV high burden countries. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of TB and HIV co-infection and the implementation of collaborative services in Ethiopia.Methods: We used a national sentinel surveillance TB/HIV co-infectio

To estimate the metabolic costs of regrowth of reproductive organs and formation of eggs, we compared the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of female great tits (Parus major) during the periods of ovarian recrudescence, egg laying, nestling feeding and during winter. We found RMR of individual females, as measured in an open circuit respirometer during night, to be significantly higher during all the b

INTRODUCTION: Differences in treatment and outcome have been reported for persons with haemophilia (PWH) on intermediate-dose (Dutch) and high-dose (Swedish) prophylaxis, but the potential influence of sports participation has not been considered.AIM: To compare sports participation and clinical outcome between adult Dutch and Swedish PWH.METHODS: Self-reported sports participation (type and frequ

We have evaluated the kinetics of nitrogen dioxide production in a system for inhalation of nitric oxide. In addition to a small fraction of contamination of nitrogen dioxide in the nitric oxide stock gas, a considerable part of the total concentration of nitrogen dioxide is formed immediately after mixing of nitric oxide and oxygen. This initial build-up of nitrogen dioxide is followed by a linea

Research evaluation practices linked to social impact have important systemic effects on the prioritization and organization of research while at the same time leading to the delivery of higher social value. Amidst growing criticisms, global research evaluation has evolved in a different direction, characterized by quantitative metrics and mimetic behavior. The article deals with the forces that s

The seasonal decline in reproductive success observed in many animal species may be caused by timing per se (timing hypothesis) or by variation in phenotypic quality between early and late breeding females (quality hypothesis). To distinguish between these two hypotheses, several studies of birds have used clutch removal experiments to manipulate breeding date. However; removal experiments also in

Galaxies with high redshift (z) are galaxies in the early universe, and they differ from local ones. They often show more irregular morphologies and significantly different kinematic properties, as turbulent motion dominates. These early galaxies have higher gas velocity dispersion (σ) and lower rotation-to-dispersion (vrot/σ) values. Recent findings from both the JWST and the Atacama Large Millim

Summary Several factors affect the flight altitude of migratory birds, such as topography, ambient temperature, wind conditions, air humidity, predation avoidance, landmark orientation, and avoiding over-heating from direct sunlight.1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Recent tracking of migratory birds over long distances has shown that migrants change flight altitude more commonly and dramatically than previously t

Hypothesis: Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DX) is widely used as a chemotherapeutic agent, though its severe side-effects limit its clinical use. A way to overcome these limitations is to increase DX latency through encapsulation in suitable carriers. However, DX has a high solubility in water, hindering encapsulation. The formulation of DX with sodium cholate (NaC) will reduce aqueous solubility thro

"Search is our greatest adventure" (Rolf Edberg). Join me in this adventure and experience the same joy, enlightment, and insight that this journey of discoveries during 50 years has given me! The journey, way, narrative begins with criticism of fiction and goes via rethinking of literary research, humanities, and natural science to the discovery of a "humanistic" natural science, a "world philo

Trade and World Power: A Time-Space Appropriation Assessment of an 18th Century Swedish-Chinese-Spanish(-American) Trade Exchange Was China rather than Europe the center of the early modern world system, as claimed by so-called new world historians such as Kenneth Pomeranz and Andre Gunder Frank? Can structural position within the hierarchy of the world system be revealed through assessment of ec