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Under de senaste femtio åren har de europeiska kapitalmarknaderna blivit allt mer integrerade. För att garantera allmänhetens förtroende, för att förhindra framtida finanskriser och för att nå den ekonomiska effektiviteten på marknaden, är det viktigt att det finns harmoniserade förbud mot marknadsmissbruk. En vanlig form av marknadsmissbruk är handel med insiderinformation, som kan leda till stoDuring the last fifty years, the European capital markets have become increasingly integrated. In order to ensure public confidence, to prevent future financial crises and to reach economic efficiency on the market, it is of importance that there are harmonised prohibitions against market abuse. A common form of market abuse on the European market is trading with inside information, which can lea

The demand from the aircraft industry of light and stiff structures along with fast manufacturing processes has increased through the last decade. This master thesis is carried out at Saab Aeronautics with purpose of developing a new concept for the horizontal stabilizer to the turboprop aircraft SAAB 2000. To specify the project, only the torsion box, including spars, ribs and skins are considere

Den svenska stiftelsen är av mycket gammalt ursprung, och idag ryms flera vitt skilda stiftelsetyper inom stiftelsebegreppet. Bland dessa utmärker sig den näringsdrivande stiftelsen. Trots att stiftelsen inte är en association kan den bedriva näringsverksamhet, antingen direkt genom stiftelsen, eller indirekt via näringsdrivande dotterbolag. Under det senaste halvseklet har den näringsdrivande stiThe Swedish foundation (Sw: stiftelse) is of old origin, and today the concept comprises several different types of foundations, among which the enterprise foundation stands out. Though the foundation is not a form of business entity, it can still carry out commercial activities, either directly through the foundation in its own name, or indirectly via subsidiary companies. During the last half-ce

Sammanfattning Det immaterialrättsliga ersättningssystemet är förmodligen mer aktuellt än någonsin. Ett ökat internationellt fokus och de förändringar som bland annat IPRED-direktivet medfört är en del i detta. Dessutom har den tekniska utvecklingen under en period varit stor, sammantaget innebär detta att frågan om ersättning för immaterialrättsintrång är mycket angelägen. Immateriella rättighetSummary The sanctioning of infringements into intellectual properties is a question of severe relevance. Technical development, globalization and legal standpoints such as the Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement Directive has made the topic of this paper a much debated one. The value of intellectual properties can be immense. In fact there are quite a few cases where the most valued assets

Ett viktigt syfte inom EU är ökad konkurrens på den Europeiska marknaden och för att målet ska uppnås föreslog den Europeiska Kommissionen ett Direktiv som reglerar uppköpserbjudanden vilket skulle bidra till förenklade förvärv av företag på den gemensamma marknaden. Företagsförvärv innebär huvudsakligen att ett företag köper aktier av ett annat företag vilket även ibland kan leda till övertagandeOne of the main purposes in EU is increased competiveness on the European market and to achieve the goal; the European Commission made a proposal of a Directive on Takeover Bids which would facilitate the takeover activity in EU. Takeover activities essentially signify when a company purchases shares in another company which occasionally also leads to a takeover of the control of the target compan

Many coastal areas in Vietnam suffer from erosion. One of the worst affected areas is the Hai Hau beach, located in the Red River delta in northern Vietnam. Over the last hundred years, vast parts of the beach have eroded at an average rate of approximately 25 m per year. Important agricultural land has vanished into the sea and families have been forced to abandon their houses. The cause of the

This paper examines how the returns and volatility of Chinese ADRs listed at NYSE are affected by their host market (US), underlying market (Hong Kong) and local market (Shanghai). Using a GARCH spillover model and data from 1 January 2002 to 30 September 2007, we find that the volatility spillover from US (host market), Hong Kong (underlying market) and Shanghai (local market) to Chinese ADRs, fo

Traditional publishers of journalistic material have found a new channel through which they can reach the readers namely the Internet. The material is often the same in the online version as in the paper based version, but not enough thought has been paid to how the different media influence the way of reading. The Internet as medium imposes new criteria as to how the content should be published.

A powerful cartel forces customers to pay significantly more for products and eliminates competition since its participants do not need to improve their productivity or the quality of their products. Cartels have historically exercised great influence over the international economy. During the inter-war period cartels were so powerful that economists have estimated that international cartels contr

The issue of possession of the air has been debated over literally thousands of years. The Romans debated the ownership of the air above their cornfields. When man finally could construct aircraft, in this case a balloon, heavier-than-air in the 1780's it did not take long before the first regulation came into force. The issue of state sovereignty had been discussed since the national states s

The following essays checks whether the Swedish stock market (represented by OMXS30) supports the weak efficiency of the EMH by observing whether the stocks contain a unit root and whether one can use trading strategies to create abnormal profits. The AR(1) model of the stock prices have a unit root coefficient very close to 1, thus they are trend stationary but have a very long memory. This model

As globalization and technological innovations continue to support the rise of multinational corporations, it has become increasingly pressing for business to cater to a worldwide audience. Particularly, websites from these companies must be both navigable and easily comprehendible to individuals across cultures to cater to global audiences. Interestingly, however, few studies have explored how in

As passive investing has grown in popularity, the number of available passive investment strategies have risen as well. This paper strives to investigate one of these investment strategies, namely fundamental indexation. More specifically, the aim of this study is to investigate if fundamental indices are more mean-variance efficient compared to capitalization-weighted indices. Given that the supe

Spx or why bacteria don’t suffer from burnout Bacteria also suffer from stress. In general, any fluctuation in the environment of bacteria can cause stress on them. For instance, too hot or too cold temperature, or changes in the pH. In order to survive, they need mechanisms to cope with it. Most of these mechanisms involve proteins, which can be seen as tools that respond to stress. In the bac

Var och en som har blivit anklagad för ett brott åtnjuter en rätt till tystnad och att betraktas som oskyldig genom det straffprocessuella förfarandet fram till en eventuellt fällande dom. Dessa grundläggande rättigheter tillförsäkras den tilltalade genom artikel 6.1 och 6.2 EKMR. Som en följd av dessa rättigheter ligger bevisbördan i brottmål uteslutande på åklagaren, vilket medför en rätt för deEveryone charged with criminal offense has the right to remain silent and to be presumed innocent until proven guilty in criminal proceedings. The accused is assured these fundamental rights according to article 6.1 and 6.2 ECHR. Due to these rights, the burden of proof must lie on the prosecutor, which means that the accused has the right to remain completely passive during criminal proceedings.

Som godis, fast nyttigare Sött, salt, surt, hallon, citron, lakrits, kärt barn har många namn. Vårt älskade lördagsgodis njuter vi nu mer av än bara på lördagar. Trots att vi vet att det inte är nyttigt är det svårt att motstå. Tänk om det skulle finnas ett alternativt godis som är lika gott fast nyttigare? Godis består av cirka 70 % socker som är en av bovarna till två stora hälsoproblem, fetmaThe purpose of this project was to determine the requirements needed for a soft sugar reduced gelatin confectionery. The project was created together with the confectionery company BUBS Godis AB. The product needed to have qualities that are sufficient enough compared to the consumers’ sensory desires. The sugar substitutes were not allowed to be metabolized into sugar in the body, have any laxati

The high sex ratio at birth and its gradual increase are one of the most significant demographic changes in China in the past 30 years. The sex ratio at birth first increased until 1994 and then stayed fluctuating before it decreased from 2000 on. Regarding the issue of whether or not China's current family planning policy affects and to what extent it affects the sex ratio at birth, starts wi

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur bygg- och fastighetsbranschen arbetar med problematiken kring värmeböljor och höga inomhustemperaturer i bostäder. Målsättningen är att få förståelse för problematiken, utreda och bidra med kunskap inom ämnet för bostäder i befintligt bestånd respektive nyproduktion. Inledningsvis genomfördes en litteraturstudie vilken var ämnad att skapa en omfattande och The purpose of the study is to investigate how the construction and real estate industry work with the problems concerning heat waves and high indoor temperatures in housing. The objective is to obtain an understanding, to investigate and to contribute with knowledge of the problem for existing housing and for future housing. Initially, a literature study was conducted which was intended to creat

Frågan om hur skuld ska bedömas då en person som varit tillfälligt sinnesförvirrad begår en straffbelagd handling är ett klassiskt straffrättsligt problem. I detta arbete undersöks hur den svenska rätten ser på när förvirringstillståndet beror på en berusning, närmare bestämt hur straffansvaret ser ut vid självförvållat rus. Här presenteras olika tolkningar som framförts i doktrinen både i de legeThe issue of how legal liability should be assessed when a temporarily insane person commits a punishable offense is a classical problem within criminal law. How the Swedish law regards a state of confusion caused by intoxication will be examined in this thesis. More specifically what is the criminal liability regarding self-induced intoxication? Different interpretations expressed both in de lege