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Popular Abstract in Swedish I en komponent som utsätts för upprepande på- och avlastningar, d.v.s. cyklisk belastning, kan defekter i form av sprickor initieras och börja växa. Detta fenomen kallas utmattning och kan leda till haveri med potentiellt katastrofala följder. Det är därför viktigt att förstå fenomenen som ligger bakom utmattning och att ha tillförlitliga modeller för att förutsäga livsUnderstanding of the growth of fatigue cracks is of utmost importance since such growth often has a profound influence on the life of components subjected to cyclic loading. Thus, reliable fatigue life models enable a more efficient use of materials and improve the performance and efficiency in many applications. This thesis deals with the growth of fatigue cracks subjected to high load amplitude

A user-friendly high-resolution intermediate complexity dynamic and spatially distributed flow model is crucial in urban flood modeling. Planners and consultants need to improve the accuracy of floods and estimation of risks. A new flow model will serve as a rapid tool to improve identification of these. This article provides a detailed explanation of a model based on a multiple flow algorithm. MoA user-friendly high-resolution intermediate complexity dynamic and spatially distributed flow model is crucial in urban flood modeling. Planners and consultants need to improve the accuracy of floods and estimation of risks. A new flow model will serve as a rapid tool to improve identification of these. This article provides a detailed explanation of a model based on a multiple flow algorithm. Mo

Temporal genomic data hold great potential for studying evolutionary processes such as speciation. However, sampling across speciation events would, in many cases, require genomic time series that stretch well back into the Early Pleistocene subepoch. Although theoretical models suggest that DNA should survive on this timescale1, the oldest genomic data recovered so far are from a horse specimen d

BACKGROUND: Viral shedding and neutralizing antibody (NAb) dynamics among patients hospitalized with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and immune correlates of protection have been key questions throughout the pandemic. We investigated the duration of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity, infectious viral shedding and NAb titers as well as the association be

Purpose We evaluated the impact of early integrated palliative care (PC) in patients with newly diagnosed lung and GI cancer. Patients and Methods We randomly assigned patients with newly diagnosed incurable lung or noncolorectal GI cancer to receive either early integrated PC and oncology care (n = 175) or usual care (n = 175) between May 2011 and July 2015. Patients who were assigned to the inte

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are responsible for removing cholesterol from arterial walls, through a process known as reverse cholesterol transport. The main protein in HDL, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), is essential to this process, and changes in its sequence significantly alter HDL structure and functions. ApoA-I amyloidogenic variants, associated with a particular hereditary degenerative di

Background and ObjectiveExperimental studies suggest that the balance between short and long β-amyloid (Aβ) species might modulate the toxic effects of Aβ in Alzheimer disease (AD), but clinical evidence is lacking. We studied whether Aβ38 levels in CSF relate to risk of AD dementia and cognitive decline.MethodsCSF Aβ38 levels were measured in 656 individuals across 2 clinical cohorts: the Swedish

High-order harmonics generated through the interaction of atoms and strong laser fields are a versatile, laboratory-scale source of extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation on a femtosecond or even attosecond time-scale. In order to be a useful experimental tool, however, this radiation has to be well characterized, both temporally and spectrally. In this paper we discuss how multi-photon, multi-colour

Retinoic acid (RA) is an important morphogen that regulates many biological processes, including the development of the central nervous system (CNS). Its synthesis from vitamin A (retinol) occurs in two steps, with the second reaction - catalyzed by retinal dehydrogenases (RALDHs) - long considered to be crucial for tissue-specific RA production in the embryo. We have recently identified the Xenop

Recombinant DNA technology has made it possible to produce specific Fab and scFv antibody (Ab) fragments in prokaryotic host cells. Using vectors designed for periplasmic expression of encoded Ab fragments, we have been studying how the sequence and genetic localization of the light chain (L-chain) variable region gene of a mouse Ab (CB-Nm.1) determined the level of Ab production. The variable reg

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate serum creatinine (s-creatinine) and serum cystatin C (s-cystatin C) levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at different time points as predictors for mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).METHODS: A total of 1638 patients undergoing elective CABG were studied prospectively over a median follow-up of 3.5 years (range, 2.0-5.0

Background: Comparisons of second-line anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents and vedolizumab are sparse. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of anti-TNF agents compared to vedolizumab as second-line biologics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: A propensity score-matched cohort was created using Swedish nationwide registers. Patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis, exposed

Studying individual trees is a common way that scientists employ to study forests and estimate forest parameters. In this study, a graph-based approach was developed for detecting individual trees in a broadleaf, complex forest region based on UAV-derived point cloud data. Horizontal cross-sections at different heights were applied to the Canopy Height Model (CHM) to extract initial candidates for

In this paper, we argue that modern pre-integration methods for inertial measurement units (IMUs) are accurate enough to ignore the drift for short time intervals. This allows us to consider a simplified camera model, which in turn admits further intrinsic calibration. We develop the first-ever solver to jointly solve the relative pose problem with unknown and equal focal length and radial distort

FPGAs play an increasing role in the reconfgurable accelerator landscape. A key challenge in designing FPGA-based systems is partitioning computation between processor cores and FPGAs. An appropriate division of labor is difcult to predict in advance and requires experiments and measurements. When an investigation requires rewriting part of the system in a new language or with a new programming mo

Sweden has in the past decade embarked on a journey to rebuild the concept of ‘total defence’. The crisis management system led by the Swedish Civil Contingency Agency has become all-the-more involved in the civil defense, with the Swedish Armed Forces responsible for military defense. The present thesis aims to explore the topic of gender and language in Sweden’s total defense discourse to uncove

Sociala medier utsätter dess användare för risker, i vissa fall kan det handla om enklare malware och i andra fall allvarligare angrepp som identitetsstöld och andra stöldförsök. I undersökningen har vi sett att användare av sociala medier har en bra medvetenhet om säkerhet och risker men att de inte alltid agerar utifrån detta när de använder medierna. I tidigare studier ser vi att ålder spelar i

In the interstellar medium polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules (PAH) are exposed to strong ionizing radation leading to complex organic photochemistry. We investigated these ultrafast fragmentation reac-tions after ionization of the PAHs phenanthrene, fluorene and pyrene at a wavelength of 30.3 nm using pump probe spectroscopy at a free electron laser. We observe double ionization and afterw

Bacteria and fungi, representing two major soil microorganism groups, play an important role in global nutrient biogeochemistry. Biogeographic patterns of bacterial and fungal biomass are of fundamental importance for mechanistically understanding nutrient cycling. We synthesized 1323 data points of phospholipid fatty acid-derived fungal biomass C (FBC), bacterial biomass C (BBC), and fungi:bacter