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Fusarium species are cereal pathogens that cause the Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease. FHB can reduce yield, cause mycotoxin accumulation in the grain and reduce germination efficiency of the harvested seeds. Understanding the biochemical interactions between the host plants and the pathogen is crucial for controlling the disease and for the development of cultivars with improved tolerance to FH
De förhållandevis sentida spåren efter de obesuttna – som torpare, backstugusittare, hantverkare och arbetare – finns överallt i jordbrukets, skogens och städernas landskap, men har sällan uppmärksammats av den traditionella arkeologin. Ändringen av kulturmiljölagen 2014 innebär att lämningar som etablerats före 1850 kan vara lagskyddade vilket ger nya möjligheter att även de obesuttnas kulturarv
Plants have a variety of ways to defend themselves against pathogens. A commonly used model of the plant immune system is divided into a general response triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and a specific response triggered by effectors. The first type of response is known as PAMP triggered immunity (PTI), and the second is known as effector-triggered immunity (ETI). To ob
Background: Endotoxin may cause inflammation and increased intestinal permeability in infants with immature immune systems and gut microbiota. This study analysed the presence of endotoxin together with other potentially hazardous agents in commercial infant cereals. Methods: Four porridges and six milk cereal drinks bought in Sweden were analysed for the presence of endotoxins using Endosafe MCS.
COVID-19 is spiralling like wild fire and has caused a global mayhem. Many lives have already been lost, and the global economy is at stake. In the absence of vaccine, social distancing and total lock down is the current mainstay in efforts to mitigate and flatten the epidemic curves. Several countries across the globe are currently implementing social distancing and total lock downs. However, wha
Huntington’s disease (HD) is caused by CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. The expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat of the encoded protein leads to protein misfolding and aggregation, resulting in increased neuronal cell death. DNAJ co-chaperones play a crucial role in transferring misfolded/unfolded proteins to HSP70 chaperones, which play an essential role for protein folding. Here, we
An experiment for salinity-gradient solar pond has been constructed and operated at the Dead Sea area over a period of 3 months. The pond has a volume of 5m3 with dimensions of (L, H, W) as 2.0m, 2.0m and 1,25m respectively. The two parameters temperature and salinity concentration profiles were evaluated through the measurements of the solar pond with respect to time. The experimental result show
Many Alzheimer’s disease (AD) genes including Apolipoprotein E (APOE) are found to be expressed in blood-derived macrophages and thus may alter blood protein levels. We measured 91 neuro-proteins in plasma from 316 participants of the Rotterdam Study (incident AD = 161) using Proximity Extension Ligation assay. We studied the association of plasma proteins with AD in the overall sample and stratif
Strong, cold winds constitute a problem in southern Scandinavia with its open, flat terrain. In the city of Malmö in the south of Sweden there are several new ongoing and planned large development projects, many of which are being constructed in wind exposed areas. One of the planned areas is Nyhamnen, a former harbour area in the north of the city. This paper describes an analysis of a preliminar
This study uses the sanctions imposed on and by Russia in 2014 as an exogenous shock on Swedish firms. The results suggest that the total short‐run cost of these sanctions on the Swedish economy amounted to around 1 billion SEK in 2013 prices, which implies a rather limited impact (around 0.025% of the Swedish GDP). The sanction effects were, however, highly asymmetric, and the direct effect on fi
The Silurian was a time of major climatic transition punctuated by multiple biotic crises and global carbon cycle perturbations. The most severe of these biotic events was the late Silurian (Ludfordian) Lau/Kozlowskii extinction event (LKE) and the associated Lau carbon isotope excursion (CIE). Although the extinction event and Lau CIE are globally documented, the only records thus far of local an
Assessing status of natural resources and ecosystem components is pivotal for management, where indicators or indices often are used as proxies of ecological state. Many indicators, however, lack reference points and are associated with sampling errors and environmental noise, limiting their usefulness in management. Here we present a method for assessing state changes in ecological indicator from
Renewable energies can play an important role to provide electricity to rural communities. This work-study the optimum design of a hybrid hydro-wind, micro-power system in rural area. Six case studies, including the impact of hydro head, flow rate, efficiency, and head loss for micro hydropower with wind turbine hub height were implemented based on HOMER software. The simulation results show the i
The eutrophication problems in lakes on the Yangtze Plain of China have attracted global concern. However, a comprehensive assessment of the eutrophication status and its evolution is still lacking for these regional lakes, mostly because of technical difficulties and/or insufficient data to cover the large region. Our study attempts to fill this knowledge gap by using the entire archive of remote
A major challenge in the design of electrochemical biodevices is to achieve fast rates of electron exchange between proteins and electrodes. In this work, we show that a significant increase in the direct electron transfer rate between a graphite electrode and Tobacco Peroxidase takes place when a surface exposed leucine, located in the vicinity of the heme pocket, is replaced by tryptophan. The a
In this work an experimental and kinetic modeling study on n-propanol and i-propanol combustion has been performed. New burning velocity measurements were carried out using the heat flux method at 1 atm over the temperature range of 323–393 K. Analysis of the temperature dependence was conducted with to verify the data consistency of the new and available data from the literature. Important incons
This paper presents a numerical model designed to simulate subaqueous cross-shore profile behavior, including response of feeder mounds and barred systems. The present model development builds on the semi-empirical model proposed by Larson et al. (2013), designed to simulate the evolution of longshore bars exposed to incident waves, as well as the exchange of material between the bar and the berm
Roads are subjected to traffic loads and varying climate conditions that eventually lead to different types of damage. Moisture in asphalt is one of the major causes of premature failure in asphalt pavements. In addition, moisture in the unbound layers and temperature in the asphalt concrete (AC) layers affect the structural response of pavements under loading, such as the tensile strain at the boRoads are subjected to traffic loads and varying climate conditions that eventually lead to different types of damage. Moisture in asphalt is one of the major causes of premature failure in asphalt pavements. In addition, moisture in the unbound layers and temperature in the asphalt concrete (AC) layers affect the structural response of pavements under loading, such as the tensile strain at the bo
In order to overcome the shortcomings of crash data a number of surrogate measures of safety have been developed and proposed by various researchers. One of the most widely used temporal indicators is time-to-collision (TTC) which requires the road users to be on a collision course. Road users that are strictly speaking not on a collision course actually might behave and take evasive actions as if
