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Two successful samples of land treatment systems are introduced in the paper. A rapid infiltration system of the area 11.3 hectares with treatment capacity of 10,000 m3/day was constructed in Pingdu city of Shandong province. The removal of COD reached 87.5% while 89.4 for suspended solids and 64.4 % for NH3-N. In fact, the treated water already achieved the criteria of the secondary treatment

The effect of measurement errors on adaptive and non-adaptive control charts has been occasionally considered by researchers throughout the years. However, that effect on the variable sample size and sampling interval (VSSI) X¯ control charts has not so far been investigated. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of measurement errors on the VSSI X¯ control charts. After a model development, the e

The coefficient of variation is a very important process parameter in many processes. A few control charts have been considered so far for monitoring its multivariate counterpart, i.e., the multivariate coefficient of variation (MCV). In addition, autocorrelation is very likely to occur in processes with high sampling frequency. Hence, designing suitable control charts and investigating the effect

The combined effect of two real-world-occurring phenomena: ‘measurement errors’ and ‘autocorrelation between observations’ has rarely been investigated. In this paper, it will be investigated for the first time on ‘adaptive’ and/or ’simultaneous monitoring’ charts and also for the first time by using the multivariate linearly covariate measurement errors and VARMA (vector mixed autoregressive and

In this article, we investigate the effect of measurement errors on the performance of the VP (Variable Parameters) X control chart. After introducing the VP scheme for the X chart with measurement errors, we evaluate the chart performance by using the average time to signal criterion, and we investigate the effect of measurement errors on the chart’s performance through extensive numerical studie

There have been some advances in multivariate control charts in recent years. This paper presents a new simultaneous scheme for monitoring both the mean and variability of a multivariate normal process in a single chart, which is developed by improving and modifying another recently proposed scheme. We not only propose a new control scheme but also make it adaptive by varying all control chart par

Evaluating the effect of measurement errors on either adaptive or simultaneous control charts has been a topic of interest for the researchers in the recent years. Nevertheless, the effect of measurement errors on both adaptive and simultaneous monitoring control charts has not been considered yet. In this paper, through extensive numerical studies, we evaluate the effect of measurement errors on

Simultaneous monitoring of the process parameters in a multivariate normal process has caught researchers’ attention during the last two decades. However, only statistical control charts have been developed so far for this purpose. On the other hand, machine-learning (ML) techniques have rarely been developed to be used in control charts. In this paper, three ML control charts are proposed using t

Due to advances in technology, sampling procedures and short lag times between successive sampling, autocorrelation among the measured data has become common in most applications. Neglecting autocorrelation leads to a poor false alarm performance. In the current paper, the effect of the autocorrelation on the performance of a variable-parameters multivariate single control chart is investigated in

Variable parameters (VP) schemes are the most effective adaptive schemes in increasing control charts' sensitivity to detect small to moderate shift sizes. In this paper, we develop four VP adaptive memory-type control charts to monitor multivariate multiple linear regression profiles. All the proposed control charts are single-chart (single-statistic) control charts, two use a Max operator and tw

The effect of measurement errors on the performance of multivariate adaptive control charts has not been considered yet. In this article, we investigate the effect of measurement errors on the performance of the variable sampling intervals (VSI) Hotelling's T2 control chart in the case of known parameters. A linearly covariate error model is used as the measurement error function. In order to meas

In this paper, we develop an inventory model with price dependant demand rate, under time value of money and inflation, finite time horizon, exponential backlogging rate and exponential deterioration rate with the objective of maximizing the present worth of the total system profit. Using a dynamic programming based solution algorithm, we are able to find the optimal sequence of the cycles and als

This paper considers adaptive schemes for the simultaneous monitoring of the mean and variability of a multivariate normal quality characteristic. At first, we extend an already existing bivariate non-adaptive simultaneous control chart to a multivariate one. Then, we develop several adaptive schemes, which will cover both previously bivariate and newly multivariate charts. After having designed a

It is proved that adaptive control charts have better performance than classical control charts due to adaptability of some or all of their parameters to the previous process information. Fuzzy classical control charts have been occasionally considered by many researchers in the last two decades; however, fuzzy adaptive control charts have not been investigated. In this paper, we introduce a new a

In certain situations, the quality of a process is determined by dependent variables in relation to independent variables, often modeled through a regression framework referred to as a profile. The practice of monitoring and preserving this relationship is known as profile monitoring. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach that uses different machine-learning (ML) techniques for construc

In this research, we develop three statistical based control charts: the Hotelling's T2, MEWMA (multivariate exponentially weighted moving average), and LRT (likelihood ratio test) as well as three machine learning (ML) based control charts: the ANN (artificial neural network), SVR (support vector regression), and RFR (random forest regression), for monitoring generalized linear model (GLM) profil

This Letter introduces a novel, to the best of our knowledge, method for assessing fruit quality using white-light biospeckle displacement analysis. The primary aim is to demonstrate that speckle displacement behavior differs between healthy and decaying regions, offering a unique means of gauging bioactivity levels, a feature that has not been explored in previous biospeckle research. By examinin

The effect of measurement errors on the performance of adaptive control charts has rarely been investigated in the univariate case and, as far as we know, it has not been investigated at all in the multivariate case. In this paper, we evaluate the effect of measurement errors on the VSS (Variable Sample Sizes) Hotelling’s T2 control chart. To do so, we suggest using six different performance measu

In this paper we develop two models; the without shortages and the completely backlogging shortages with the price dependant demand rate under time value of money and inflation, finite time horizon and exponentially deterioration rate with the objective of maximizing the present worth of the total system profit. Using the dynamic programming method for each model, we are able to obtain different s