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Denna uppsats analyserar hur agentbaserad e-handel ska klassificeras inom ramen för EU:s mervärdesskattesystem, med fokus på leveranser av varor. Agentbaserad e-handel innebär att konsumenter använder AI-agenter för att söka efter, välja ut och i vissa fall genomföra köp av varor genom ett AIgränssnitt. Uppsatsen undersöker vem som utgör beskattningsbar person, hur leverantörens tjänst ska karaktäThis thesis examines the EU VAT classification of agentic commerce in relation to goods, with particular focus on the conditions under which deemed supplier treatment may arise. Agentic commerce refers to the use of AI agents to search for, select, and in some configurations complete purchases of goods on behalf of a user through an AI interface. The thesis asks who qualifies as a taxable person,

A shortage of pediatric heart surgeons across the world limits the available surgical interventions, leading to long wait times and higher risk of mortality. The use of robotic surgery and its advantages may help address this issue, and the Collaborative Articial Intelligence Sur- gical Assistance-project is a starting point to develop an autonomous robotic surgical assistant. However, the video f

Despite its importance, rural groundwater quality in Rwanda remains insufficiently monitored. This study aimed to investigate the groundwater quality, its health implications as well as how management can be improved to reduce the health risks of rural boreholes in the Nyagatare district in Rwanda. In total 61 boreholes were visited and 48 groundwater samples were collected. Analysis was conducted

The aim of this project was to explore battery enclosures, specifically for e-scooter batteries, and whether additive manufacturing can be used to enhance existing designs. Furthermore, FEM and topology optimization were explored as tools for optimizing these designs. A modified Double Diamond approach was used as a guideline for the project. The modified version enters a prolonged optimization p

Genom Bohuslän, mellan Strömstad och Göteborg, löper en järnväg. En järnväg som heter Bohusbanan. En järnväg som en gång i tiden var en symbol för framtidstro och utveckling. Banans praktfulla stationshus, de första som välkomnar en och den sista som vinkar adjö vid ett besök till en av de många orterna längs järnvägen, står idag som barriärer till samhällena de tillhör. Byggnaderna som en gång vaThrough Bohuslän, between Strömstad and Gothenburg, runs a railway. A railway called Bohusbanan. A railway that was once a symbol of optimism and progress. The line’s grand station buildings—the first to welcome and the last to bid farewell to visitors of the many towns along the route—now stand as barriers to the communities they belong to. Buildings that were once open, public, social spaces own

This thesis develops and evaluates a Random Forest (RF) machine learning classification framework for detecting clear-cut forest felling events using Sentinel-2 multispectral satellite data. While RF classification is widely applied in forest monitoring, its performance for operational clear-cut detection in Latvian semi-boreal forests remains insufficiently studied. This study aims to assess the

Linear regression is a standard tool for numerical prediction, but there are several estimators to choose from, and this choice can greatly affect prediction accuracy. This thesis empirically explores how the out-of-sample predictive performance of ordinary least squares (OLS), ridge regression (Ridge), and the lasso (Lasso) is affected by varying key model conditions, given a baseline setting. Fo

Bakgrund: En positiv förlossningsupplevelse är målet för hela vårdkedjan under graviditet, födsel och eftervård. WHO betonar vikten av en positiv förlossningsupplevelse och inte endast mor och barns säkerhet. Trots detta upplever fortfarande många kvinnor sin förlossning som negativ. Barnmorskan handlägger den normala förlossningen självständigt och ska i samband med detta ge den födande kvinnan s

Mara–Loita wildebeest migration in Kenya has experienced a dramatic decline since the 1970s, primarily due to habitat fragmentation caused by livestock fencing, agricultural expansion, and urban development. These changes have obstructed seasonal wildebeest movements, leading to disrupted migration routes and increased human-wildlife conflict. In response, four conservation scenarios have been pro

In this thesis we study extensions of the classical Sylow theory from finite groups to the class of locally finite groups. To this end we present theorems from P. Hall as an introduction to π-groups in finite groups and theorems from A. O. Asar and B. Hartley to introduce Sylow theory in locally finite groups. We then conclude the thesis with touching on more well-behaved groups (for example solub

Svart kol (black carbon, BC) är partiklar som bildas vid ofullständig förbränning av biomassa och fossila bränslen, och sprids framför allt genom direkta utsläpp till luft. I naturen stannar BC kvar i århundraden till årtusenden, och har en negativ påverkan på både klimat och hälsa. I följande litteraturstudie har koncentrationer från sjösediment som sträcker sig ungefär 150 år tillbaka i tiden iBlack carbon (BC) are particles that are formed during incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels. BC remains in nature for centuries to millennia, has an extensive spread and a negative impact on both climate and health. In the following literature study, concentrations from lake sediments stretching back approximately 150 years in Finland, Switzerland and China have been compiled. The co

Detta examensarbete undersöker tappvattenskador i byggnader inom en kommun i södra Sverige under 2022, särskilt hur dessa drabbar LSS-boenden. Syftet var att kartlägga förekomsten av sådana skador och identifiera om vissa byggnadstyper eller orsaker innebär högre risk. Studien baseras på analys av rapporterade vattenskador från den studerade kommunen under 2022. Skadorna delades in i tre kategorie

Music generation has progressed rapidly in recent years, but practical track-to-track transitions are still largely handled with conventional signal processing such as equal-power crossfades and manual beatmatching. This thesis evaluates whether latent-space interpolation in a pretrained neural audio codec can serve as a short, targeted generation operator for music transitions, where the goal is

Tree species are shifting their distribution patterns to align with their climate niches, or optimal conditions. Species are expected to shift their ranges to higher latitudes and altitudes if the current trend of rising temperatures persists. Therefore, we hypothesised that the geographic distributions of most native Iberian tree species in the peninsular Spain would shift northward and to higher

This thesis develops a Bayesian framework based on Gaussian processes for inferring parameters of differential operators from data and reconstructing the corresponding solution together with its uncertainty. Such inverse problems are often ill-posed and sensitive to noise, which makes classical deterministic inverse approaches unstable and limits their ability to quantify uncertainty. The setup co

Frihamnen i Stockholm står inför en omfattande omvandling. Området, som under lång tid har fungerat som en central plats för hamn- och industriverksamhet, planeras att utvecklas till en ny stadsdel med bostäder, kontor och service. I denna process riskerar flera befintliga industribyggnader att rivas för att ge plats åt ny bebyggelse. Samtidigt innebär detta att viktiga delar av platsens historia,

This master’s thesis investigates tool bending in solid carbide end mills during shoulder milling of CK45 steel, SS 1.4923, SS 316L, and TiAl6V4. Five different tool designs were tested to evaluate the influence of cutting speed and feed rate on tool deflection, surface quality, and machining stability. The results show that feed rate has a stronger effect on tool bending than cutting speed. High

This study investigates the relationship between military expenditure, economic growth, and technological progress in 27 OECD countries over the period 1970–2019. While previous research on the economic consequences of military spending has produced mixed and often inconclusive results, this paper extends the literature by including total factor productivity (TFP) as a measure of long-term technol

This study investigated the effects of using multiple different acoustic and linguistic features for objective Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) estimation from Electroencephalography (EEG) data, using models that estimates the neural response (EEG data) from the corresponding feature stimulus, or vice versa. The SRT is a measurement of the speech volume Signal-to-Noise Ratio where the subject unde