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The right of patients to decline information about their health, prognosis, and available treatment options is a salient principle in both domestic law and international declarations and conventions. This right may be considered either unnegotiable or subject to certain terms and conditions. While respecting this right may seem straightforward, doing so in clinical practice can be challenging. Thi
Evaluating agri-environmental measures that support both biodiversity and productive agriculture requires bio-economic models capable of estimating trade-offs between economic and ecological functions, including multifunctionality—the simultaneous provision of multiple functions. These models must account for how landscape composition and configuration influence function delivery. For instance, po
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global health concern strongly associated with atherosclerosis and subsequent macrovascular complications. These complications are the leading cause of death among T2D patients. Despite a decline in cardiovascular events over the last decade, individuals with T2D still have an approximately doubled risk compared to those without diabetes. This shows an urgent need
The precision goal on the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements |Vus| and |Vud| requires the inclusion of isospin-breaking effects. These effects, associated to QED and the light-quark mass difference, can be included in lattice QCD+QED simulations. The long-range nature of QED, however, poses a problem for finite-volume lattice simulations that necessitates the adoption of a prescription for
This paper presents a method for mathematical modelling of surfaces conditioned on empirical data. It is based on solving a discrete biharmonic equation over a domain with given inner point and inner curve data. The inner curve data is used to model boundary values while the inner point data is used for modeling a load vector with the goal to generate a smooth surface. The construction of boundary
This chapter presents the ICECAP-O, a measure of capability tailored for older people. It briefly presents the original version of the ICECAP-O. In addition, it describes the work that has been done concerning the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the ICECAP-O to the Swedish context. Finally, the chapter contains arguments for the use of the Swedish version of the ICECAP-O in health and
This work investigates how austenite stability and phase composition varies across multiple carbon contents for a cemented carbide with a steel binder alloyed with nickel, chromium and molybdenum. The results are compared with predictions done by thermodynamic calculations and property models designed to predict the austenite stability for steel. It is found that it is possible to predict the mart
We sought to clarify the inter-relationships among a range of psychiatric and substance use disorders by employing two-dimensional genetic maps, with axes defined by family genetic risk for major depression (MD) and drug use disorder (DUD). Using comprehensive Swedish national register data, we located cases of 12 disorders within this space and examined how their genetic risk profiles varied as a
Announced in this Comment and in collaboration with Nature Medicine is the convening of the Data-Driven Decision Support in Obesity Management Commission, to promote adequate scientific evidence to support obesity management across global populations.
Background and Aims: Atherosclerosis is a chronic lipid-driven inflammatory disease and one of the leading underlying causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Western society. Macrophages are key players in atherosclerotic development. Although the cellular composition of carotid atherosclerotic lesions has been determined, macrophage population definitions lack granularity and lineage
The overall conclusion of the project is that moisture safety cannot be achieved through individual standards, calculation software, or industry regulations alone. Sweden already has many relevant documents: SIS/EN/ISO standards for measurement, material data, climate data, simulation, and diagnostics; AMA as a specification and contractual framework; industry regulations for wet rooms, HVAC and p
I detta avsnitt av Skattekvarten diskuterar vi den aktuella sänkningen av momsen på livsmedel och dess tänkta effekt på hushållens ekonomi. Är reformen ett effektivt sätt att stärka köpkraften, eller riskerar den att bli en kostsam åtgärd med begränsad verkan? Tillsammans med nationalekonomen Åsa Hansson sätter vi in reformen i ett bredare ekonomiskt sammanhang och granskar dess möjliga konsekvens
I detta avsnitt av Skattekvarten diskuterar vi investeringssparkontot, ISK, och de skatterättsliga frågor som denna sparform väcker. Är investeringssparkontot en välkommen utveckling av kapitalbeskattningen, eller innebär det i stället en förskjutning av dess grundprinciper kring rättvisa, legitimitet och likformighet? Tillsammans med universitetslektorn i skatterätt Patrik Emblad sätter vi in ISK
I detta avsnitt av Skattekvarten diskuterar vi begreppet väsentlig anknytning och dess betydelse för den svenska inkomstbeskattningen. När anses en person ha en så stark koppling till Sverige att den obegränsade skattskyldigheten består även efter utflyttning? Vilka anknytningsfaktorer får särskild betydelse, och hur har rättspraxis format den samlade bedömningen av dessa frågor? Tillsammans med K
I detta avsnitt av Skattekvarten diskuterar vi digitaliserbar lagstiftning och Rules as Code. Kan skattelagstiftning omvandlas till kod utan att juridiska nyanser, tolkningsutrymme och rättssäkerhet går förlorade? Vad händer när rättsregler inte bara ska förstås av människor, utan också kunna läsas och tillämpas av maskiner i regelträd, beslutsträd och digitala system? Tillsammans med Tomas Algots
Background: The major genetic high-risk of developing autoimmune diabetes are HLA-DR3DQ2 and HLA-DR4DQ8 haplotypes. Their importance in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) has only been partly elucidated. Here we aimed to dissect their impact on autoimmunity, diabetic phenotype, and comorbidity. Methods: Data from individuals with LADA were collected from two all-population based surveys,
Background: Machine learning (ML)-based cluster analysis is a common method for subtyping medical conditions and presentations of disease states. Recent advancements in algorithms and increasing access to vast healthcare data have further increased the use of such ML models. However, practical implementation is lacking, largely due to methodological limitations and insufficient reporting and clini
Industry accounts for 26.3 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions and 34 percent if we include the indirect emissions from purchased electricity and heat. Reaching net-zero emissions in a few decades means that industry must also take unprecedent mitigation actions. Given the 15–25-year lifespan of major process equipment, all new industrial investments will need to be near net-zero emissions
Cuffless blood pressure (BP) monitoring devices represent a promising innovation in hypertension management. This scientific statement provides a comprehensive update on these emerging technologies, their specific validation requirements, their potential clinical applications, and their present and future challenges. These devices generate considerable interest by enabling non-invasive BP measurem
