The goal of this chapter is to provide an overview of key concepts related to modelling accident frequency, considering the random nature of traffic accidents. This includes topics such as the expected number of accidents (the 'true' yet unobserved measure of safety), regression-to-the-mean (RTM) and the safety-in-numbers phenomenon, which were briefly introduced in the chapter on accident data. T

Growing concerns about emissions, urban traffic congestion, and the promotion of an active lifestyle are inducing more people to choose bike for their daily commute. The increase in bike usage underscores the need for improving the cyclist’s safety. Our study examined the 72 363 cyclist crashes that occurred in Great Britain in the period 2016-2019 with the objective of (1) examining how various f

Due to its persistence and potential negative effects on ecosystems and human health, microplastic pollution in aquatic environments has become a major worldwide concern. Photocatalytic degradation is a sustainable manner to degrade microplastics to non-toxic by-products. In this review, comprehensive discussion focuses on the synergistic effects of various photocatalytic materials including TiO2,

The Andean lakes of northern Chile and southern Bolivia are characterized by their high salinity due to arid climate and high evaporation. These lakes are poorly studied due to access difficulties. The aim of this study is to characterize two shallow saline lakes in northern Chile (Salar de Atacama, 23°S, Chile) and South Lipez of Bolivia (Khalina lake, 22.61°S) using satellite images (Landsat 8).

The EU’s recent regulatory approach in the digital sphere promises to introduce greater consideration for fundamental rights. However, this does not apply to all fundamental rights and their holders equally. With particular focus on the freedom to conduct a business, this article will be exploring the restrictions imposed on certain undertakings—so-called gatekeepers—operating in the Digital Singl

In this thesis I critically evaluate and develop the method of explication. To explicate a concept is, roughly, to replace it with a similar but more theoretically useful concept. The method was first articulated in the 1940s by Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970) but had been pursued in science and philosophy long before that. I begin the thesis with a critical evaluation of Carnap’s own writings on explicIn this thesis I critically evaluate and develop the method of explication. To explicate a concept is, roughly, to replace it with a similar but more theoretically useful concept. The method was first articulated in the 1940s by Rudolf Carnap (1891–1970) but had been pursued in science and philosophy long before that. I begin the thesis with a critical evaluation of Carnap’s own writings on explic

Indiana Jones’ staunch anti-Nazism and the franchise’s satirical belittling and ridicule of the Third Reich render its protagonist an antifascist memetic icon. While considerable attention has been devoted to the digital media landscape of the right, less emphasis is given to left-wing movements and memetic warfare. Through analysis of humorous representations of German Nazis in the films, where N

In a time marked by rising geopolitical tensions and societal conflicts, the traditional corporate emphasis on maximizing shareholder value is increasingly evolving towards a more public-oriented approach that includes societal and ethical considerations. Should organizations invest in activities that are not their primary responsibilities? Based on conflict management, corporate social responsibi

BACKGROUND: General practices have been a long-standing focus of pharmaceutical promotion, but their financial relationships with pharmaceutical companies remain understudied.AIM: Examine pharmaceutical company payments to general practices in England from 2015-2022, focusing on changing patterns of payments and what this reveals about companies' marketing.DESIGN & SETTING: Descriptive analysi

Trademarks increasingly serve as indicators of product innovation and broader industry shifts, encompassing a wide range of innovation activities and soft innovations often overlooked by patents. However, research on the relationship between trademarks and innovation remains in its early stages, with a lack of exploration into China's soft innovation from the trademark perspective. This paper addr

Viral protein X (Vpx) is a unique accessory protein encoded by the genome of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and lineages of the simian immunodeficiency virus of sooty mangabeys. So far, counteracting the cellular restriction factor SAMHD1 and mediating the efficient translocation of viral pre-integration complex have been recognized as key functions of Vpx; however, a thorough exp

Safety in general and fire safety in particular are key concerns in neutron-based research facilities, and the choice of the material that is used to stop neutron radiation is critical in this respect. Borated paraffin has been used at existing research facilities and could potentially be used at new facilities. However, a literature search resulted in very little information about the fire proper

Welfare technology (WT) use is increasingly advocated to facilitate aging in place. However, it remains unclear how older adults and homecare staff perceive these digital technologies in practice. This qualitative study investigated the ways in which current WT either facilitated or fell short in supporting older adults in their daily lives and homecare staff at work. Four key themes were develope

In this paper I have asked how EU parliament politicians uses arguments to discuss the situation in Catalonia, hoping to be able to cast light on EU view of separatism within the union. Within the EU there are several separatist cases, France, Belgium, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom (which was part of EU until quite recently). This means that separatism is a delicate political question, but b

The City of Malmö is actively working with Agenda 2030 to increase sustainability within the city. The work with Agenda 2030 is based on the city’s environmental program, which includes an overarching goal to improve the living environment for its residents. With this as a background, this paper examines the living environment of two regions in Malmö, Rosengård and Västra Hamnen. Given their diffe

This thesis conducts a critical discourse analysis to explore the transformation and securitization of the discourse surrounding the role of the private sector in Sweden's civil preparedness and total defense strategy, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research critically examines how the narrative regarding the private sector’s involvement has shifted from a peripheral ro

Drawing from my research question investigating the authoritarian tendencies in the US of the approximately last 40 years, I have within this bachelor´s thesis sought to infer the motives stemming from the actors of the conservative right of today as well as the foundations of the societal structures these actors have abided by. What I have found is a country long divided by divergent identities

Norway is a country that has been praised and criticized for their climate policies throughout the years. Some of the critics are accusing Norway of exploitation under the protection of green transition. In other words, green colonialism. The cases being analyzed are: The Fosen-case, Norway's involvement in REDD+, Norway’s statements and involvement in COP26 and The 2050 Climate Change Committ

This study aims to scrutinise Serbia’s adaptation to the Copenhagen criteria between 2017 and 2024, by examining the country’s progress and challenges in its path toward EU membership. By using Andrew Moravcsik’s Liberal Intergovernmentalism as the theoretical framework, the research analyses how domestic political preferences, institutional dynamics and international bargaining have shaped Serbia

On the 24th of February 2022, Russia initiated a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. About a quarter of a year later, Sweden decided to abandon its long standing foreign policy doctrine of being militarily non-aligned in favor of joining NATO. Given the sequencing of these events, the common perception is that the 2022 invasion was the sole reason behind this significant decision. Taking a long-term