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Objective(s): Colombia has the third largest black population in the Americas after Brazil and the USA. In 2005 mortality rate under 5 in Colombia was 21.5 per 1000, with a reduction of 82 per cent between 2005 and 1960. That rate is not in line with rates for Cuba (6.8), Chile (9.1) or Costa Rica (10.4). Here we aim to provide evidence that a further reduction of child mortality relates to the un

Climate change impacts increase pressure on challenges to sustainability and the developmental needs of cities. Conventional, “hard” adaptation measures are often associated with high costs, inflexibility and conflicting interests related to the dense urban fabric, and ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) has emerged as a potentially cost-efficient, comprehensive, and multifunctional approach. This pa

A current focus of ecosystem services (ES) implementation is on the municipal level of government where international and national legislation and policies have to be translated into practice. Given this focus, an understanding of perceptions within municipalities of the ES concept is crucial to support the implementation process. Against this background, this paper examines the perceptions of Swe

This work concerned experimental studies of heat transfer in a light-duty diesel engine. Combustion is affected by several parameters, such as pressure, engine speed, mass of injected fuel and in-cylinder gas flow. These parameters are in turn affected by the combustion chamber geometry and fuel spray characteristics. At high load the exhaust heat was increased more than at high engine speed. Swir

En utveckling av den s. k. väte-ekonomin, där vätgas (H2) används som energibärare, skulle – rent teoretiskt – kunna lösa människans energiproblem då vatten skulle kunna användas som bränsle. För att nå detta mål krävs dock väsentlig teknologisk och vetenskaplig utveckling. Ur ett rent vetenskapligt perspektiv, måste bl a (energisnåla) kemiska metoder att skapa stora mängder vätgas utvecklas. MångAbstract – The mixed-valence triiron complexes [Fe3(CO)7-x(PPh3)x(µ-edt)2] (x = 0, 1, 2; edt = SCH2CH2S) and [Fe3(CO)5(κ2-diphosphine)(µ-edt)2] (diphosphine = dppv, dppe, dppb, dppn) have been prepared and structurally characterized. In comparison to the diiron complex [Fe2(CO)6(µ-edt)], [Fe3(CO)7(µ-edt)2] catalyzes proton reduction at 0.36 V less negative potentials, which is a significant energe

Background: Targeted viral load (VL) testing has been proposed for antiretroviral treatment (ART) monitoring in resource-limited settings. In this study, we have investigated the performance of the host biomarker galectin-9 (Gal-9), alone and in combination with interferon-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), in identifying individuals at increased likelihood of viremia during ART.Setting:Cohort of HIV

Polycrystals illuminated by high-energy X-rays or neutrons produce diffraction patterns in which the measured diffraction peaks encode the individual single crystal strain states. While state of the art X-ray and neutron diffraction approaches can be used to routinely recover per grain mean strain tensors, less work has been produced on the recovery of higher order statistics of the strain distrib

The mechanics of concrete can be understood comprehensively only if its heterogeneous microstructure is considered in experiments and simulations. We combine mesoscale modeling, in-situ X-ray computed tomography imaging, and in-situ 3D X-ray diffraction measurements for one of the first times to investigate the role of heterogeneities on macroscopic and microscopic responses in concrete. The focus

An open source Python package named xrd_simulator, capable of simulating geometrical interactions between a monochromatic X-ray beam and a polycrystalline microstructure, is described and demonstrated. The software can simulate arbitrary intragranular lattice variations of single crystals embedded within a multiphase 3D aggregate by making use of a tetrahedral mesh representation where each elemen

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, but there currently exists no effective treatment that can stop nor slow the progression of the disease. The current dogma in the field postulates that the appearance of extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, a histopathological hallmark of the disease, is the trigger for downstream, de