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We hypothesize that predictable variations in environmental conditions caused by night/day cycles created opportunities and hazards that initiated information dynamics central to life’s origin. Increased daytime temperatures accelerated key chemical reactions but also caused the separation of double-stranded polynucleotides, leading to hydrolysis, particularly of single-stranded RNA. Daytime solar
Animal locomotion is constrained by Newtonian laws of motion and therefore biomechanics is a useful approach for quantitative analysis of force and power requirements. Aerial locomotion in vertebrates is no exception, and arguably the most significant developments are to be found in this journal. Evolutionary birds and bats are very successful groups, doubtless largely because of their ability to
A ferrous complex bearing tris(carbene)borate ligands with imidazol-2-ylidene donors has been characterized by experimental and computational methods. Despite the pronounced destabilization of metal centered states by the exceptionally σ-donating ligand, the high-energy 3MLCT state of [Fe(ii)(phtmeimb)2] is rapidly deactivated by the barrierless conversion to the 3MC state.
Background: Severe alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a known risk factor for early development of emphysema and COPD. By the Swedish national screening program within the years 1972–74 a cohort of individuals with severe AATD (PiZZ) was identified and regularly followed up. The aim of this study was to investigate alveolar volume (VA) and the ratio VA/Total lung capacity (VA/TLC) for the de
Background and Objectives Postanoxic electrographic status epilepticus (PSE) affects up to a third of all comatose patients after cardiac arrest (CA) and is associated with high mortality. Late PSE onset (>24 hours), from a restored continuous background pattern, and absence of established indicators of poor outcome at multimodal prognostication are described in survivors. We aimed to determine th
Background: MR-generated acoustic noise may be particularly concerning at 7-Tesla (T) systems. Noise levels can be reduced by altering gradient output using software optimization. However, such alterations might influence image quality or prolong scan times, and these optimizations have not been well characterized. Purpose: To evaluate image quality, sound pressure levels (SPLs), and perceived noi
Patients diagnosed with psychogenic pseudosyncope reported significantly higher rates of supine syncope, syncopal episodes and traumatic falls than patients diagnosed with vasovagal syncope in a survey questionnaire completed before head-up tilt test.
Numerous neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis share a neuropathological hallmark: aberrant protein aggregation in the CNS. Microglia, the brain's innate immune cells, also play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. Multiple studies indicate that these pathological aggregates can propagate throughout the brain
Rater agreement is commonly assessed in radiologic studies concerning image quality. There are several methods of measuring rater agreement. To choose the appropriate method, the researcher needs to consider the scale of the outcome variable and the design of the study. This article provides a brief overview of available methods, focusing on the most practical and commonly used, including intracla
Understanding the processes that drive phenotypic diversification and underpin speciation is key to elucidating how biodiversity has evolved. Although these processes have been studied across a wide array of clades, adaptive radiations (ARs), which are systems with multiple closely related species and broad phenotypic diversity, have been particularly fruitful for teasing apart the factors that dr
A crystallogenesis study of human transthyretin using the counter-diffusion method is described as an alternative to conventional convective vapour diffusion and batch approaches for protein crystallization. The X-ray diffraction results show systematic trends that exhibit unique patterns of crystallization and high crystal quality as well as a remarkable degree of coherence within extended crysta
Purpose: The complex Interdisciplinary Nurse-coordinated SELf-MAnagement (INSELMA) intervention for patients with IA who experience substantial disease impact, was tested in a feasibility study. This study explored healthcare professionals’ (HPs) experiences of delivering the intervention. Materials and methods: A qualitative longitudinal evaluation study was conducted based on four focus group in
The reactivity of the benzenedithiolate (bdt)-bridged complex [Fe2(CO)6(µ-bdt)] with arsine, stibine and phosphine ligands has been studied. The new mono- and disubstituted complexes [Fe2(CO)5(EPh3)(µ-bdt)] (E = As, 1; E = Sb 3) and [Fe2(CO)4(EPh3)2(µ-bdt)] (E = As, 2; E = Sb, 4) and the previously reported [Fe2(CO)4(PPh2H)2(µ-bdt)] (5) have been prepared by Me3NO-initiated carbonyl substitution r
Introduction: Propolis is a sticky substance produced by honeybees from plant resins collected from locally growing vegetation. Its chemical composition varies depending on the plant species visited by the bees. Contact dermatitis is commonly reported following exposure to cosmetics containing propolis or following the intake of food supplements. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of contac
Thermal modification is a widely used technology for enhancing the dimensional stability and durability of wood. However, thermal degradation reactions in wood are complex and depend on the process conditions applied. Degradation products from thermal wood modification are expected to affect the wood chemistry and the wood–water interactions of the thermally modified wood. In this paper, we invest
This study examines the adsorption and desorption behaviors of phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), fluoride (F), and chromium (Cr) in aqueous solutions on green materials such as cork bark (CB) and pine bark (PB). These materials are characterized by active functional groups and net negative charges on their surfaces and porous structures. The evaluation considers variations in contaminant concentration
As the field of neural organoids and assembloids expands, there is an emergent need for guidance and advice on designing, conducting and reporting experiments to increase the reproducibility and utility of these models. In this Perspective, we present a framework for the experimental process that encompasses ensuring the quality and integrity of human pluripotent stem cells, characterizing and man
During the last decades, MgMg and alloys gained interest as degradable implant materials: its mechanical propertiesMechanical properties are close to bone and a second surgery for removing them can be avoided. Properties are gained from chemical composition and processing as they are responsible for microstructureMicrostructure development. However, this is not good enough in many cases. When the
Cavum septum pellucidum (CSP) is commonly observed upon neuroimaging examination in individuals exposed to repetitive head impacts (RHI) and post-mortem in cases with chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Consequently, CSP has been proposed as a potential biomarker for RHI-related neurodegeneration, yet prevalence estimates of CSP across other neurodegenerative diseases and its clinical implications a
