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Over-indebtedness—a situation in which individuals are unable to pay their expenses and debts get out of control—is increasing among young adults in Sweden, and predictions suggest that the problem will escalate after the COVID-19 pandemic. In this chapter we draw on our experience of initiating an ethnographic study of over-indebtedness among young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, when opport
This technical report gives an overview of our submission to task 3 of the DCASE 2024 challenge. We present a sound event localization and detection (SELD) system using input features based on trainable neural generalized cross-correlations with phase transform (NGCC-PHAT). With these features together with spectrograms as input to a Transformer-based network, we achieve significant improvements o
Introduction: This article explores how sexuality is conceptualised and managed in a Spanish residential care unit for recently injured people. The institution operates under the banner of independent living, a key belief of the international disabled people’s movement, which champions self-determination, autonomy, and control over their support. Methods: A focused ethnography was conducted betwee
Functioning is a construct capturing how an individual’s engagement in everyday life emerges from the interaction between the individual and their environment. The World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a biopsychosocial framework of functioning. Previously, the ICF was adapted for use in autism by developing Core Sets, a selec
PURPOSE: We investigated time trends of the obesity-mortality association, accounting for age, sex, and cause-specific deaths.METHODS: We analysed pooled nationwide data in Sweden for 3,472,310 individuals aged 17-39 years at baseline in 1963-2016. Cox regression and flexible parametric survival models investigated BMI-mortality associations in sub-groups of sex and baseline calendar years (men: <
PURPOSE: The Obesity and Disease Development Sweden (ODDS) study was designed to create a large cohort to study body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and changes in weight and WC, in relation to morbidity and mortality.PARTICIPANTS: ODDS includes 4 295 859 individuals, 2 165 048 men and 2 130 811 women, in Swedish cohorts and national registers with information on weight assessed once (2
The inherently weak chiroptical responses of natural materials limit their usage for controlling and enhancing chiral light-matter interactions. Recently, several nanostructures with subwavelength scale dimensions were demonstrated, mainly due to the advent of nanofabrication technologies, as a potential alternative to efficiently enhance chirality. However, the intrinsic lossy nature of metals an
Little is known about the fate and uptake of nanoplastics (NPs) in natural ecosystems, mainly due to analytical limitations in measuring NPs in complex environmental matrices. Our aim was to quantitatively assess the transport, fate and biological uptake of NPs in freshwater ecosystems by using replicated wetland mesocosms and gold-doped polystyrene nanoparticles. We showed that 97% of the NPs wer
Background: Selective water uptake by neurons and glial cells and subsequent brain tissue oedema are key pathophysiological processes of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) after cardiac arrest (CA). Although brain computed tomography (CT) is widely used to assess the severity of HIE, changes of brain radiodensity over time have not been investigated. These could be used to quantify regional bra
Neuroblastoma is a childhood developmental cancer; however, its embryonic origins remain poorly understood. Moreover, in-depth studies of early tumor-driving events are limited because of the lack of appropriate models. Herein, we analyzed RNA sequencing data obtained from human neuroblastoma samples and found that loss of expression of trunk neural crest–enriched gene MOXD1 associates with advanc
Background: Timely and safe elective health care facilitates return to normal activities for patients and prevents emergency admissions. Surgery is a cornerstone of elective care and relies on complex pathways. This study aimed to take a whole-system approach to evaluating access to and quality of elective health care globally, using inguinal hernia as a tracer condition. Methods: This was a prosp
Nanoscale structural and electronic heterogeneities are prevalent in condensed matter physics. Investigating these heterogeneities in 3D has become an important task for understanding material properties. To provide a tool to unravel the connection between nanoscale heterogeneity and macroscopic emergent properties in magnetic materials, scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) is combined wi
Inbreeding depression is assumed to be a central factor contributing to the stability of plant mating systems. Predicting the fitness consequence of inbreeding in natural populations is complicated, however, because it may be affected by the mating histories of populations generating variation in the amount of purging of deleterious alleles. Furthermore, the level of inbreeding depression may depe
Euglossine bees (Apidae: Euglossini) have long been hypothesized to act as long-distance pollinators of many low-density tropical plants. We tested this hypothesis by the analysis of gene flow and genetic structure within and among populations of the euglossine bee-pollinated vine Dalechampia scandens. Using microsatellite markers, we assessed historical gene flow by the quantification of regional
In the context of biomedical researchinvolving human subjects, the reviewof research proposals by ethics committeesin virtually every country hastraditionally focused on informed consentand other protections for individualsparticipating in research (1). However,the substantial societal implications ofmodern biomedical research and the globalizationof scientific inquiry make it importantto understa
Magnesium (Mg) is a metal having a high structural efficiency and a very high chemical reactivity at the same time. Its potential areas of applications include the automotive industry, biomedicine, and energy storage and generation. Further developments in these very diverse application areas require a more detailed investigation of the behavior of Mg surfaces under oxidative conditions. The basic
Accurate estimates of trait evolvabilities are central to predicting the short-term evolutionary potential of populations, and hence their ability to adapt to changing environments. We quantify and evaluate the evolvability of herkogamy, the spatial separation of male and female structures in flowers, a key floral trait associated with variation in mating systems. We compiled genetic-variance esti
Background and Aims To predict the evolutionary consequences of pollinator declines, we need to understand the evolution of delayed autonomous self-pollination, which is expected to evolve as a mechanism of reproductive assurance when cross-pollination becomes unreliable. This involves estimating the costs of increased levels of selfing as well as those associated with floral senescence. Methods W
Background: Small-scale topographic complexity is a characteristic feature of alpine landscapes, with important effects on alpine plant distribution. Aims: We investigated the links between small-scale topographic complexity and resultant microclimatic heterogeneity, vascular-plant species richness and beta diversity, and realised niche width and trait variation of some target species. Methods: We
The reproductive-assurance hypothesis predicts that mating-system traits will evolve towards increased autonomous self-pollination in plant populations experiencing unreliable pollinator service. We tested this long-standing hypothesis by assessing geographic covariation among pollinator reliability, outcrossing rates, heterozygosity and relevant floral traits across populations of Dalechampia sca
