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The development of an N-body/hydrodynamic ‘surrogate’ model of the Milky Way (MW) – a model that resembles the MW in several key aspects after many Gyrs of evolution – would be extremely beneficial for Galactic Archaeology. Here, we present four new ‘surrogate’ models, all built with the nexus framework. The simulations contain stars, dark matter and gas. Our most sophisticated model allows gas to

Background: The prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and fecal incontinence (FI) are conditions that increase with age. Apart from few larger studies data on prevalence and severity of UI and FI is scarce, especially among the > 80 yrs. and data of birth cohort effects is lacking. Methods: The purpose of this study was to evaluate birth cohort effects on prevalence of UI and FI in the general o

Climate litigation has been on the rise since the beginning of the century. However, the increased use of intersectionality by plaintiffs to highlight their particular vulnerability to climate change and its impacts remains understudied. This paper provides a review of eleven intersectional climate litigation cases, along with insights from a focus group of key informants, to examine the role of i

In 2021, neutron structures of oxidised and reduced human manganese superoxide dismutase were published, suggesting several unexpected features, including deprotonated glutamate, tyrosine and histidine residues and a reduced Mn ion with two hydroxide ligands. We have used quantum refinement to evaluate whether alternative interpretations of the structures are possible, comparing many structural mo

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning:Elfordon uppfattas ofta som en modern uppfinning, men elektriskt drivna fordon har funnits sedan slutet av artonhundratalet. De första helelektriska personbilarna, bussarna och lastbilarna utvecklades redan innan förbränningsmotorn slog igenom.För att förstå varför elektriska störningar spelar en så viktig roll i dagens elfordon kan man börja med en enkel bild. TThe rapid electrification of heavy-duty vehicles has introduced traction voltage systems (TVS) with electrical scale and complexity not previously seen in on-road applications. Multiple power electronic subsystems interact through long cables and frequency-dependent impedances, making conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) a system-level phenomenon. Differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM

The built environment faces a growing functional mismatch in which a persistent affordable housing shortage coincides with rising office vacancy rates. In this context, adaptive reuse is approached in this thesis not only as a strategy for reassigning underused space, but as a building physics and building performance challenge tied to changing the use of existing buildings. The overall objective

Hybrid energy systems have become a promising strategy for enhancing power utilization efficiency while preserving ecology. Previous research has predominantly focused on developing models with fixed ecological constraints. However, the fixed ecological constraints overlook dynamic ecological uncertainty and its interaction with operation decisions. This study proposes adaptive operating rules for

Random Walk is one of the holy grails of Probability Theory. This literature is born from a simple, naggingquestion: what happens to the drunkard’s walk if his steps are no longer equal? The classical theory of randomwalks, a cornerstone of probability, offers elegant answers for the simple, symmetric case. But life and manystochastic models are rarely so uniform.We step into this gap by studying

We report a radical extension of magnetic-resonance spectroscopy to the Terahertz (THz) spectral range by complete polarization-resolved measurement of the linear electromagnetic response of nuclear and electron spin associated magnetic resonance using principles of ellipsometry at high magnetic fields. This new method permits us to accurately test existing models and leads to discovery of new phy

While circular economy (CE) discourse emphasises technology-driven solutions and formal systems, cities in the Global South rely on grassroots waste workers (WWs) in the informal sector, who perform essential circular functions through waste collection, sorting, and recycling. In Delhi, informal WWs contribute substantially to material recovery and fill gaps left by formal solid waste management (

Background: Swedish nationwide family and cancer data offer the largest global resource for study of familial cancer. We focus here on familial risks in prostate cancer (PC) with questions on risk in individuals from families of multiple affected members and association of familial risk with metastatic disease and survival. Methods: Familial relative risk of PC was estimated using standardized inc

Synthesizing representative weather data sets that reflect both typical and extreme conditions is essential for reliable hygrothermal simulations, especially when considering future climates, which involve significant uncertainties. In this study, multiple representative weather data sets are generated using various methods, broadly categorized based on picking the representative months using vari

Managing energy in urban areas is complex due to the diversity of energy users, dynamic environmental conditions, and the increased instability caused by extreme weather events. This work explains the impacts of a new technology based on implanting adaptive reinforcement learning (ARL) into energy management (EM), which is called ARLEM. The technology uses an online, value-based, model-free ARL en

Most clinical laboratories measure total magnesium (tMg) which includes both the ionized (iMg) and bound forms. Only the ionized component is biologically active, and it may be influenced by acid-base status, plasma protein concentrations and electrolyte disturbances, potentially altering how well tMg reflects iMg. This multicenter observational study evaluated the relationship between tMg and iMg